See also:
U+7D66, 給
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D66

[U+7D65]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7D67]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 120, +6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女火人一口 (VFOMR), four-corner 28961, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 923, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27432
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1357, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3394, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7D66

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   

According to Shuowen Jiezi, Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krub): semantic + phonetic (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) – "rich, abundant", perhaps with a reference to precious silk; today it also means "to give". The phonetic component means "to join, to unite", however it is likely unrelated to the original meaning.

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp.

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qǝ̆p (to give; to supply), comparing it to Burmese အပ် (ap, to commit; to deliver; to hand over), Jingpho ap (to hand over), Lepcha ᰀᰤᰬᰱ (kjep, to add to; to multiply), ᰃᰤᰱ (gjap, many).

In Mandarin, Jin and Xiang, pronunciations 1 and 2 are generally thought of as colloquial and literary readings respectively, from the same Middle Chinese etymon (Zhengzhang, 2002; Liu, 2021; among others). Pronunciation 2, the literary reading, is a regular reflex from Middle Chinese. However, since pronunciation 1 is highly irregular, others have proposed alternative etymologies for it:

Pronunciation 1

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Note: colloquial.
Note:
  • gǐ - colloquial;
  • gěi - literary.
Note: colloquial.
Note: geh6 - used in 給去.
Note: colloquial.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kjip̚/
Li
Rong
/kjəp̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭĕp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ki̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gap1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kip ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k](r)[ə]p/
English furnish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5002
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*krub/
Definitions
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  1. to give
    一個一个  ―  gěi nǐ yīge wěn  ―  give you a kiss
  2. for; for the benefit of
    按摩按摩  ―  gěi nǐ ànmó ba.  ―  Let me do a massage for you.
  3. to; with (following verbs to indicate the handing over or passing of something)
    這裡一直 [MSC, trad.]
    这里一直 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhèlǐ yǒu wǒ yīzhí xiǎng shuō gěi nǐ tīng de huà. [Pinyin]
    Here are the words I've always wanted to say to you.
  4. to (introduce recipient of an action)
    道歉道歉  ―  Gěi tā dàoqiàn!  ―  Apologise to him!
  5. by (marker of passive voice)
    我們 [MSC, trad.]
    我们 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen dōu gěi rén piàn le. [Pinyin]
    We all got fooled.
  6. Used in the form of in imperative sentences for emphasis.
    閉嘴闭嘴  ―  gěi wǒ bìzuǐ!  ―  Shut the heck up!
    [Nanjing Mandarin]  ―  Lǐ gǐ ǒ chii̊q! [Nankinese Pinyin]  ―  Eat the heck up!
  7. Used before a verb for emphasis of affectedness.
    行李淋濕 [MSC, trad.]
    行李淋湿 [MSC, simp.]
    Xíngli ràng yǔ gěi línshī le. [Pinyin]
    The luggage was soaked by rain.
    椅子移開 [MSC, trad.]
    椅子移开 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ bǎ yǐzi gěi yíkāi le. [Pinyin]
    I moved the chair away.
  8. (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) and
Synonyms
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Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

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Note: literary.
Note:
  • gǐ - colloquial;
  • gěi - literary.
Note: literary.
Note: literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (142)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kjip̚/
Li
Rong
/kjəp̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭĕp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ki̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gap1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kip ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k](r)[ə]p/
English furnish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5002
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*krub/
Definitions
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  1. to supply; to provide
      ―    ―  to provide; to give
  2. to grant; to bestow
  3. salary; pay
  4. abundant; plenty
  5. nimble; quick
  6. a surname
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of (hō͘)

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 넉넉할 (neongneokhal geup))

  1. hanja form? of (give)
  2. hanja form? of (by, for)

Vietnamese

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Chữ Hán

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: Hán Nôm readings: cấp, góp, cắp, cóp, cướp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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