堋

Translingual

Han character

堋 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土月月 (GBB), four-corner 4712₀, composition ⿰土朋)

bury

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 232, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5217
Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 455, character 9
Unihan data for U+580B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		堋
alternative forms		塴 “to bury a coffin”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (朋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
崩	*pɯːŋ
堋	pɯːŋs, pʰɯːŋ, *bɯːŋ
漰	*pʰɯːŋ
倗	pʰɯːŋʔ, bɯːŋ, *bɯːŋs
朋	*bɯːŋ
鵬	*bɯːŋ
棚	bɯːŋ, brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ
鬅	*bɯːŋ
掤	*pɯŋ
淜	*bɯŋ
輣	brɯːŋ, brɯːŋ
繃	prɯːŋ, prɯːŋ
弸	pʰrɯːŋ, brɯːŋ

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bèng (beng⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bing³ / bang¹ / baang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bèng
  - Wade–Giles: pêng⁴
  - Yale: bèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: benq
  - Palladius: бэн (bɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bing³ / bang¹ / baang⁶
  - Yale: bing / bāng / baahng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bing³ / bang¹ / baang⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: bing³ / beng¹ / bang⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪŋ³³/, /pɐŋ⁵⁵/, /paːŋ²²/

Middle Chinese: pongH

Rime
Character	堋
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	方隥切
Baxter	pongH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pəŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pəŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pəŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pəŋ^H/
Li Rong	/pəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/pəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pəŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bang³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤəŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèng
Middle Chinese	‹ pong^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁəŋ-s/
English	put coffin in grave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堋
Reading #	1/3
No.	9659
Phonetic component	朋
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	𥦜
Old Chinese	/*pɯːŋs/
Notes	隥由登依北宋本校改，餘校作鄧

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Definitions

堋

(literary) to lower a coffin into the grave

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): péng (peng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pang⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: péng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: péng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻêng²
  - Yale: péng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng
  - Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pang⁴
  - Yale: pàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: peng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: bong

Rime
Character	堋
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	步崩切
Baxter	bong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəŋ/
Li Rong	/bəŋ/
Wang Li	/bəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	péng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pang⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堋
Reading #	3/3
No.	9664
Phonetic component	朋
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朋
Old Chinese	/*bɯːŋ/

Definitions

堋

(literary) low wall used to hang archery targets
(literary) dyke

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pēng (peng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: peng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻêng¹
  - Yale: pēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: peng
  - Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pang¹
  - Yale: pāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: peng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɐŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: phong

Rime
Character	堋
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	普朋切
Baxter	phong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰəŋ/
Li Rong	/pʰəŋ/
Wang Li	/pʰəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pang¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堋
Reading #	2/3
No.	9661
Phonetic component	朋
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	漰
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯːŋ/

Definitions

堋

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Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pīng (ping¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bing³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ping
  - Wade–Giles: pʻing¹
  - Yale: pīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ping
  - Palladius: пин (pin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bing³
  - Yale: bing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪŋ³³/

Definitions

堋

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References

“堋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 88

Japanese

Kanji

堋

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

堋 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul)

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