慎

See also: 愼 and 惧

慎 U+614E, 慎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-614E ← 慍 [U+614D] CJK Unified Ideographs 慏 → [U+614F]

慎 U+FA87, 慎 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA87 ← 惘 [U+FA86] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 愈 → [U+FA88]

慎 U+2F8A8, 慎 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8A8 ← 慌 [U+2F8A7] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 慌 → [U+2F8A9]

Translingual

Traditional	慎
Simplified	慎
Japanese	慎
Korean	愼

Alternative forms

Note the different forms, which correspond to different forms of 真.

Han character

慎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心十月金 (PJBC), four-corner 9408₁, composition ⿰忄真)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 398, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11024
• Dae Jaweon: page 735, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2336, character 2
• Unihan data for U+614E

• Unihan data for U+FA87

• Unihan data for U+2F8A8

Chinese

trad.		慎/愼
simp.		慎
2nd round simp.		𰑝
alternative forms		㥲 昚 眘 𡴜 𦚉 㥲 昚 眘 𡴜 𦚉 𡸱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (真) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
寘	*tjels
䡩	*kʰriːn
黰	*ʔriːn, *ʔljinʔ
顛	*tiːn, *tʰiːns
滇	*tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn
齻	*tiːn
槙	*tiːn, *tjinʔ
瘨	*tiːn
傎	*tiːn
蹎	*tiːn
厧	*tiːn
巔	*tiːn
癲	*tiːn
瑱	*tʰiːns, *tins
填	*diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins
窴	*diːn, *diːns
闐	*diːn, *diːns
磌	*diːn, *tjin
鷏	*diːn
嗔	*diːn, *tʰjin
搷	*diːn
鎮	*tin, *tins
縝	*tʰin, *ʔljinʔ, *tʰjin
真	*ʔljin
禛	*tjin
稹	*ʔljin, *ʔljinʔ
蒖	*tjin
鬒	*ʔljinʔ
瞋	*tʰjin
謓	*tʰjin
慎	*djins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djins) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) – a behavior trait (heart), care, caution. Note that 真 means “truth, genuine, sincerity”, hence connotations of “acting sincerely, with care”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ́m

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sem³

• Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sīm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁷ / sim²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
    • Wade–Giles: shên⁴
    • Yale: shèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: san⁶
    • Yale: sahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́m
    • Hakka Romanization System: siim`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sim³
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨm³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sem³
    • Sinological IPA: /səm³¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
    • Tâi-lô: sīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sin
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sin⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
    • Tâi-lô: sīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sim
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sim⁷ / sim²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sīm / sím
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim¹¹/, /sim⁵²/

Note: sim2 - vernacular 俗讀.

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyinH

Rime
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	真 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時刃切
Baxter	dzyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑinH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑinH/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕnH/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]i[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyinH ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]i[n]-s/
English	careful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慎
Reading #	1/1
No.	17082
Phonetic component	眞
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愼
Old Chinese	/*djins/

Definitions

慎

1. prudent; cautious; careful

Compounds

• 不慎 (bùshèn)
• 勤慎
• 失慎 (shīshèn)
• 審慎／审慎 (shěnshèn)
• 小心謹慎／小心谨慎 (xiǎoxīnjǐnshèn)
• 恪慎
• 慎刑
• 慎始
• 慎始敬終／慎始敬终 (shènshǐjìngzhōng)
• 慎子
• 慎密 (shènmì)
• 慎小謹微／慎小谨微
• 慎微
• 慎思 (shènsī)
• 慎思明辨
• 慎獨／慎独 (shèndú)
• 慎終如始／慎终如始
• 慎終若始／慎终若始
• 慎終追遠／慎终追远 (shènzhōngzhuīyuǎn)
• 慎行
• 慎言
• 慎謀能斷／慎谋能断
• 慎重 (shènzhòng)
• 慎重其事
• 慎防
• 慎防杜漸／慎防杜渐
• 慎默
• 戒慎
• 敬小慎微
• 敬慎
• 日慎一日
• 明德慎罰／明德慎罚
• 明慎
• 明賞慎罰／明赏慎罚
• 杜微慎防
• 淑慎
• 清慎
• 肅慎／肃慎 (Sùshèn)
• 謹小慎微／谨小慎微 (jǐnxiǎoshènwēi)
• 謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
• 謹言慎行／谨言慎行 (jǐnyánshènxíng)
• 謹謹慎慎／谨谨慎慎

 

Japanese

Shinjitai	慎
Kyūjitai	愼

Kanji

慎

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 愼)

1. humility
2. be careful
3. discreet
4. prudent

Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin)
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 慎む, Jōyō); つつしみ (tsutsushimi, 慎み)
• Nanori: ちか (chika); のり (nori); まこと (makoto); みつ (mitsu); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 戒(かい)慎(しん) (kaishin)
• 謹(きん)慎(しん) (kinshin)
• 慎(しん)思(し) (shinshi)
• 慎(しん)始(し)敬(けい)終(しゅう) (shinshikeishū)
• 慎(しん)重(ちょう) (shinchō)
• 不(ふ)謹(きん)慎(しん) (fukinshin)

Proper noun

慎(しん) • (Shin) 

1. a male given name

Vietnamese

Han character

慎: Hán Nôm readings: thận

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