真
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Traditional | 真 |
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Simplified | 真 |
Japanese | 真 |
Korean | 眞 |
Alternative formsEdit
In simplified and traditional Chinese, the 目 component is connected to the horizontal line below it (as seen in the Kangxi dictionary) whereas, in Japanese and Korean, 目 is separate from that line.
Han characterEdit
真 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十月一金 (JBMC), four-corner 40801, composition ⿱十具)
Usage notesEdit
The Kangxi dictionary considers 真 as an unorthodox form (俗字) of 眞. However, the traditional Kangxi form 眞 with 匕 on top is rarely used nowadays. In modern times, 真 is considered the orthodox form in all regions except South Korea.
Derived charactersEdit
- 傎, 㐤, 慎, 填, 嫃, 㣀, 𤠶, 搷, 瑱, 槙, 𤛇, 䐜, 鎮(镇), 禛, 磌, 瞋, 𧜖, 嗔, 滇, 蒖, 寘, 窴, 䈯, 鬒, 㥲, 闐(阗), 衠, 嵮, 縝(缜), 䡩, 𢅬, 𩝻, 㒹, 厧, 瘨, 稹, 蹎, 謓, 黰, 齻, 顛(颠), 鷏
Related charactersEdit
- 眞 (Original form of 真)
Further readingEdit
- KangXi: page 805, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23236
- Dae Jaweon: page 1221, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 249, character 7
- Unihan data for U+771F
ChineseEdit
trad. | 真/眞 | |
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simp. | 真 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰅴 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 真 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
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寘 | *tjels |
䡩 | *kʰriːn |
黰 | *ʔriːn, *ʔljinʔ |
顛 | *tiːn, *tʰiːns |
滇 | *tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn |
齻 | *tiːn |
槙 | *tiːn, *tjinʔ |
瘨 | *tiːn |
傎 | *tiːn |
蹎 | *tiːn |
厧 | *tiːn |
巔 | *tiːn |
癲 | *tiːn |
瑱 | *tʰiːns, *tins |
填 | *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins |
窴 | *diːn, *diːns |
闐 | *diːn, *diːns |
磌 | *diːn, *tjin |
鷏 | *diːn |
嗔 | *diːn, *tʰjin |
搷 | *diːn |
鎮 | *tin, *tins |
縝 | *tʰin, *ʔljinʔ, *tʰjin |
真 | *ʔljin |
禛 | *tjin |
稹 | *ʔljin, *ʔljinʔ |
蒖 | *tjin |
鬒 | *ʔljinʔ |
瞋 | *tʰjin |
謓 | *tʰjin |
慎 | *djins |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 匕 (“spoon, fork”) + 鼎 (“ancient food vessel”) – using a fork to fetch food from a cauldron. Alternatively, an ancient variant of 貞 (OC *teŋ, “divination”).
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བདེན (bden, “true; truth”). Possibly connected with 貞 (OC *teŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
真
- true; genuine; real; actual
- clear; distinct; sharp
- really; truly; very; quite
- portrait; image
- natural disposition
- (Chinese calligraphy) Short for 真書/真书 (zhēnshū, “regular script”).
- (~日) (telegraphy) the eleventh day of a month
SynonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Others:
CompoundsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “Entry #6396”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
真 | |
眞 |
KanjiEdit
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 眞)
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
- Kun: ま (ma, 真, Jōyō); まこと (makoto, 真)
- Nanori: さな (sana); さね (sane); ただ (tada); ただし (tadashi); なお (nao); のり (nori); まあ (mā); まこ (mako); まさ (masa); まど (mado); まな (mana); まゆ (mayu); み (mi); みち (michi); も (mo)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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真 |
しん Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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眞 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 真 (MC t͡ɕiɪn).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
IdiomsEdit
- 真に迫る (shin ni semaru)
AffixEdit
- truth, reality, genuineness
- natural, pristine
- complete, wholly
- regular script (楷書, kaisho)
- (logic) a true statement
- Antonym: 偽 (gi)
Derived termsEdit
- 真意 (shin'i)
- 真意義 (shin'igi)
- 真因 (shin'in)
- 真打 (shin'uchi)
- 真影 (shin'ei)
- 真円 (shin'en)
- 真価 (shinka)
- 真書き (shinkaki)
- 真核細胞 (shinkakusaibō)
- 真贋 (shingan)
- 真偽 (shingi)
- 真義 (shingi)
- 真菌 (shinkin)
- 真紅 (shinku)
- 真空 (shinkū)
- 真剣 (shinken)
- 真箇 (shinko), 真個 (shinko)
- 真骨頂 (shinkotchō)
- 真言 (shingon)
- 真摯 (shinshi)
- 真書 (shinsho)
- 真症 (shinshō)
- 真実 (shinjitsu)
- 真珠 (shinju)
- 真薯 (shinjo)
- 真情 (shinjō)
- 真人 (shinjin)
- 真髄 (shinzui)
- 真性 (shinsei)
- 真正 (shinsei)
- 真跡 (shinseki), 真蹟 (shinseki), 真迹 (shinseki)
- 真相 (shinsō)
- 真率 (shinsotsu)
- 真諦 (shintai)
- 真鍮 (shinchū)
- 真直 (shinchoku)
- 真諦 (shintei)
- 真如 (shinnyo)
- 真犯人 (shinhannin)
- 真美 (shinbi)
- 真否 (shinpi)
- 真皮 (shinpi)
- 真筆 (shinpitsu)
- 真物 (shinbutsu)
- 真部分集合 (shinbubunshūgō)
- 真分数 (shinbunsū)
- 真味 (shinmi)
- 真勇 (shin'yū)
- 真理 (shinri)
- 写真 (shashin)
- 純真 (junshin)
- 正真 (shōshin)
- 浄土真宗 (Jōdo Shinshū)
- 天真 (tenshin)
- 迫真 (hakushin)
Proper nounEdit
- a surname
- a female given name
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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真 |
ま Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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眞 (kyūjitai) |
For pronunciation and definitions of 真 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 真, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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真 |
まこと Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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眞 (kyūjitai) 実 誠 |
Compound of 真 (ma-, “true”, see above) + 事, 言 (koto, “thing, word”).[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
AdverbEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 真に (makoto ni)
InterjectionEdit
- used for recalling information previously forgotten or sudden change of subjects: that's right
Derived termsEdit
- 真に (makoto ni)
Proper nounEdit
- a male or female given name
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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真 |
Grade: 3 |
nanori |
Alternative spelling |
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眞 (kyūjitai) |
From classical adjective 厚し (atsushi), modern 厚い (atsui, “thick, heavy; kind, warm”).
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
Etymology 5Edit
Kanji in this term |
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真 |
Grade: 3 |
nanori |
Alternative spelling |
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眞 (kyūjitai) |
From classical adjective 正し (tadashi), modern 正しい (tadashii, “correct, right, true”).
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
Etymology 6Edit
Kanji in this term |
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真 |
Grade: 3 |
nanori |
Alternative spelling |
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眞 (kyūjitai) |
From classical adjective 正し (masashi, “accurate, authentic, correct”).
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
- Alternative form of 眞
ReferencesEdit
- Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전/漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [1]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
真: Hán Nôm readings: chân, chan, chang, sân