Wiktionary

真

See also: 眞, 具, and 直
真 U+771F, 真
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-771F
← 眞
[U+771E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 眠 →
[U+7720]
真 U+2F946, 真
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F946
← 眞
[U+2F945] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 真 →
[U+2F947]

真 U+2F947, 真
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F947
← 真
[U+2F946] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 睊 →
[U+2F948]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Traditional 真
Simplified 真
Japanese 真
Korean 眞

Alternative formsEdit

In simplified and traditional Chinese, the 目 component is connected to the horizontal line below it (as seen in the Kangxi dictionary) whereas, in Japanese and Korean, 目 is separate from that line.

Han characterEdit

真 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十月一金 (JBMC), four-corner 40801, composition ⿱十具)

Usage notesEdit

The Kangxi dictionary considers 真 as an unorthodox form (俗字) of 眞. However, the traditional Kangxi form 眞 with 匕 on top is rarely used nowadays. In modern times, 真 is considered the orthodox form in all regions except South Korea.

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

  • 眞 (Original form of 真)

Further readingEdit

  • KangXi: page 805, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1221, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 249, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+771F

ChineseEdit

trad. 真/眞
simp. 真
2nd round simp. 𰅴
alternative forms
 
𡙊
𠤛
⿱𥃭大
⿱𥃰大
⿱𥃰六
𡙊
𠤛
⿱𥃭大
⿱𥃰大
⿱𥃰六
⿱止貝
⿱十貝
⿳上目大
⿳止目六
⿳十且八 1981

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 真
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (真) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
寘 *tjels
䡩 *kʰriːn
黰 *ʔriːn, *ʔljinʔ
顛 *tiːn, *tʰiːns
滇 *tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn
齻 *tiːn
槙 *tiːn, *tjinʔ
瘨 *tiːn
傎 *tiːn
蹎 *tiːn
厧 *tiːn
巔 *tiːn
癲 *tiːn
瑱 *tʰiːns, *tins
填 *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins
窴 *diːn, *diːns
闐 *diːn, *diːns
磌 *diːn, *tjin
鷏 *diːn
嗔 *diːn, *tʰjin
搷 *diːn
鎮 *tin, *tins
縝 *tʰin, *ʔljinʔ, *tʰjin
真 *ʔljin
禛 *tjin
稹 *ʔljin, *ʔljinʔ
蒖 *tjin
鬒 *ʔljinʔ
瞋 *tʰjin
謓 *tʰjin
慎 *djins

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 匕 (“spoon, fork”) + 鼎 (“ancient food vessel”) – using a fork to fetch food from a cauldron. Alternatively, an ancient variant of 貞 (OC *teŋ, “divination”).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བདེན (bden, “true; truth”). Possibly connected with 貞 (OC *teŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Note: zêng1 - Jieyang, Pontianak.
Rime
Character 真
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 側鄰切
Baxter tsyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cin/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 真
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ti[n]/
English true, real

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 真
Reading # 1/1
No. 17068
Phonetic
component 		眞
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔljin/
Notes 原側鄰切依韻目改。金文象以匕充填鼎實爲填初文，
充實引指眞實不虛

DefinitionsEdit

真

  1. true; genuine; real; actual
    那不是真鑽石項鏈，是假的！ [MSC, trad.]
    那不是真钻石项链，是假的！ [MSC, simp.]
    Nà bù shì zhēn zuànshí xiàngliàn, shì jiǎ de! [Pinyin]
    That's not a real diamond necklace, it's just a fake!
    那些是真鑽石還是贗品？ [MSC, trad.]
    那些是真钻石还是赝品？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nàxiē shì zhēn zuànshí háishì yànpǐn? [Pinyin]
    Are those real diamonds or only shams?
  2. clear; distinct; sharp
  3. really; truly; very; quite
    今天真熱。／今天真热。  ―  Jīntiān zhēn rè.  ―  It's so hot today.
    那些演員真了不起。 [MSC, trad.]
    那些演员真了不起。 [MSC, simp.]
    nà xiē yǎnyuán zhēn liǎobuqǐ [Pinyin]
    Those actors are really great.
    真的嗎？／真的吗？  ―  Zhēn de ma?  ―  Really?
  4. portrait; image
  5. natural disposition
  6. (Chinese calligraphy) Short for 真書／真书 (zhēnshū, “regular script”).
  7. (～日) (telegraphy) the eleventh day of a month

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jinan 挺, 楞
Xi'an 很
Wuhan 蠻, 很
Chengdu 很, 好
Chongqing 很
Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei 很
Malaysia 很
Singapore 很, 蠻, 非常
Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
Taishan 好, 十分之
Yangjiang 好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
Gan Nanchang 蠻
Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
Huidong (Daling) 好
Wuhua (Meilin) 好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
Changting 野
Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
Liancheng 樣
Ninghua 好
Ruijin 蠻
Shicheng 蠻
Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong 好
Sabah (Bao'an) 好
Kuching (Hepo) 很
Singapore (Dabu) 好
Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
Min Bei Jian'ou 盡
Min Dong Fuzhou 野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing) 真
Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
Min Nan Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正
Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人
Jinjiang 野
Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人
Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan 真, 非常
Taipei 真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu 真, 誠
Kinmen 足, 誠
Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真正
Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew) 好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
Haikou 但顧
Qionghai 但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 好, 蠻
Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Suzhou 蠻, 窮
Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𠊉好, 𠊉派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
Shuangfeng 蠻

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (真):
  • → Japanese: 真(しん) (shin)
  • → Korean: 진(眞) (jin)
  • → Vietnamese: chân (真)

Others:

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 真

Further readingEdit

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai

真

Kyūjitai

眞

KanjiEdit

真

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 眞)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
真
しん
Grade: 3
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
眞 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 真 (MC t͡ɕiɪn).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

真(しん) • (shin) 

  1. truth, reality
Derived termsEdit
IdiomsEdit

AffixEdit

真(しん) • (shin) 

  1. truth, reality, genuineness
  2. natural, pristine
  3. complete, wholly
  4. regular script (楷書, kaisho)
  5. (logic) a true statement
    Antonym: 偽 (gi)
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms

Proper nounEdit

真(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. a surname
  2. a female given name

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
真
ま
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
眞 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 真 – see the following entry.
【ま】H
[noun] [from 712] 真: the truth, reality, genuineness
[prefix] [from 720] 真: real, genuine
[prefix] [from 759] 真: pure, unadulterated
[prefix] [from 1595] 真: definitely, certainly, exactly, precisely, directly
[prefix] [date unknown] 真: true, real, main (appended to words for animals or plants to indicate the representative type)
[prefix] [from 759] 真: (archaic, possibly obsolete, honorific) great, excellent
(This term, 真, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
真
まこと
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
眞 (kyūjitai)
実
誠

Compound of 真 (ma-, “true”, see above) +‎ 事, 言 (koto, “thing, word”).[1]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

真(まこと) • (makoto) 

  1. truth, reality, genuineness

AdverbEdit

真(まこと) • (makoto) 

  1. absolutely, really
Derived termsEdit

InterjectionEdit

真(まこと) • (makoto) 

  1. used for recalling information previously forgotten or sudden change of subjects: that's right
Derived termsEdit

Proper nounEdit

真(まこと) • (Makoto) 

  1. a male or female given name

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
真
Grade: 3
nanori
Alternative spelling
眞 (kyūjitai)

From classical adjective 厚し (atsushi), modern 厚い (atsui, “thick, heavy; kind, warm”).

Proper nounEdit

真(あつし) • (Atsushi) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
真
Grade: 3
nanori
Alternative spelling
眞 (kyūjitai)

From classical adjective 正し (tadashi), modern 正しい (tadashii, “correct, right, true”).

Proper nounEdit

真(ただし) • (Tadashi) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 6Edit

Kanji in this term
真
Grade: 3
nanori
Alternative spelling
眞 (kyūjitai)

From classical adjective 正し (masashi, “accurate, authentic, correct”).

Proper nounEdit

真(まさし) • (Masashi) 

  1. a male given name

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

真 (eumhun 참 진 (cham jin))

  1. Alternative form of 眞

ReferencesEdit

  • Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

真: Hán Nôm readings: chân, chan, chang, sân

  1. chữ Hán form of chân (“truth”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds
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