See also:
U+6190, 憐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6190

[U+618F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6191]
U+F98F, 憐
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98F

[U+F98E]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F990]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 61, +12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心火木手 (PFDQ), four-corner 99059, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 402, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11206
  • Dae Jaweon: page 742, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2356, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6190

Chinese

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trad.
simp. *

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *riːn) : semantic (heart) + phonetic (OC *rins).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-rin (compassion; love). Cognate with Tibetan དྲིན (drin, kindness; favour; grace) and Burmese ရည်ငံ (ranyngam, to fall in love) and Burmese ရည်းစား (rany:ca:, lover).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lîn - vernacular;
  • liân - literary.
Note:
  • liang5 - Shantou;
  • liêng5 - Chaozhou.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter len
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/len/
Pan
Wuyun
/len/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɛn/
Li
Rong
/len/
Wang
Li
/lien/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lin4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lián
Middle
Chinese
‹ len ›
Old
Chinese
/*rˁiŋ/
English love; pity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8193
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*riːn/

Definitions

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  1. to pity; to sympathize
    Synonym: 憐憫怜悯 (liánmǐn)
  2. to love tenderly

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. sympathy
  2. pity
  3. treasure
  4. dote on

Readings

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  • Go-on: れん (ren)
  • Kan-on: れん (ren)
  • Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 憐れむ)あわれみ (awaremi, 憐れみ)

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 불쌍히 여길 (bulssanghi yeogil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불쌍히 여길 (bulssanghi yeogil yeon))

  1. hanja form? of / (pity, sympathize)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: lân, liên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.