ren

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ren"

English edit

English Wikipedia has an article on:

ren

Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɹɛn/
Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1 edit

Learned borrowing from Latin rēn. Doublet of rein (“kidney”).

Noun edit

ren (plural renes)

(anatomy) A kidney.
- 1759, Malcolm Flemyng, “Lecture XIX. On the kidneys and urinary bladder. Gravel; calculus.”, in An Introduction to Physiology, Being a Courſe of Lectures Upon the moſt important Parts of the Animal Œconomy: […], London: J. Nourse, →OCLC, page 259:
  Having treated laſt of the expulſion of the inteſtinal fæces, we come next to conſider thoſe organs, which ſeparate and throw off another principal excrementitious matter, to wit, urine. The firſt of which is the renes or kidneys.
- 1810, William Tully, “On Aliment”, in Proceedings of the Presidents and Fellows of the Connecticut Medical Society, published 1884, page 326:
  We find, however, that the detrita, consisting principally of effete hydrogen and carbon, brought into the circulation by the absorbents, are constantly making their escape from the system by way of the renes, skin, and lungs, in the forms of water, and carbonic-acid.
- 1858, William Tully, Materia Medica; Or, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, page 1195:
  It would probably have been considered an important omission if I had not mentioned Water as a substance excreted freely by the renes or kidneys.
- 1893, Henry Power, Leonard William Sedgwick, The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences:
  Renal. Belonging to the ren or kidney.

Related terms edit

renal

Translations edit

a kidney — see kidney

Etymology 2 edit

Learned borrowing from Egyptian rn,

Noun edit

ren (plural rens)

(Egyptian mythology) One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology.
- 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
  For the Ren did not belong to the man, but came out of the Celestial Waters to enter an infant in the hour of his birth and might not stir again until it was time to go back.

Anagrams edit

-ern, -ner-, Ern, NRE, RNE, ern, ner

Albanian edit

Alternative forms edit

rên, rêu, rêj, rê (Gheg)
re (Standard Albanian)

Etymology edit

The Tosk (Çamërisht, Arbëreshë/Arvanite) and also Old Albanian form of Standard Albanian re (“cloud, clouds”).

Noun edit

ren f

Related terms edit

References edit

Catalan edit

Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:

ren

Wikipedia ^ca

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French renne.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈrɛn]
IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈrən]
IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈren]

Noun edit

ren m (plural rens)

reindeer

Chinese edit

Etymology edit

Clipping of English render.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɹɛːn⁵⁵/

Verb edit

ren

(Hong Kong Cantonese, computer graphics) to render
ren片 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― ren pin^3-2 [Jyutping] ― to render a video
- 2023, 新聞女王 [The Queen of News], episode 1, spoken by 徐曉薇 (何依婷 [Regina Ho]):
  
  Nelson，半個鐘頭內ren好個動畫。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, trad.]
  Nelson，半个钟头内ren好个动画。 [Hong Kong Cantonese, simp.]
  Nelson, bun³ go³ zung¹ tau⁴ noi⁶ ren hou² go³ dung⁶ waa^6-2. [Jyutping]
  Nelson, finish rendering the animation in half an hour.

Chuukese edit

Preposition edit

ren

with (third person singular)

Cimbrian edit

Verb edit

ren

to speak
to talk

References edit

Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /reːˀn/, [ˈʁæˀn]

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse hreinn m, from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, Old English hrān.

Noun edit

ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)

reindeer
Synonym: rensdyr

Declension edit

Declension of ren

common gender	Singular		Plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ren	renen	rener	renerne
genitive	rens	renens	reners	renernes

Noun edit

ren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)

(rare, real estate, agriculture) a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates
Synonym: agerren

Declension edit

Declension of ren

common gender	Singular		Plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ren	renen	rene rener	renene renerne
genitive	rens	renens	renes reners	renenes renernes

Derived terms edit

agerren

References edit

“ren,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 3 edit

From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German rein, Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains).

Adjective edit

ren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)

clean (without dirt)
pure, mere, sheer(without any added elements)
pure (morally)

Inflection edit

Inflection of ren
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Indefinte common singular	ren	renere	renest²
Indefinite neuter singular	rent	renere	renest²
Plural	rene	renere	renest²
Definite attributive¹	rene	renere	reneste
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Derived terms edit

References edit

“ren,3” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /rɛn/
audio (file)
Hyphenation: ren
Rhymes: -ɛn
Homophone: Ren

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Dutch rinne, renne.

Noun edit

ren f (plural rennen, diminutive rennetje n)

A run; an enclosed area where small or mid-sized livestock such as poultry are kept.

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

ren

inflection of rennen:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. imperative

Galician edit

Etymology edit

From Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēs nāta, neutral plural of rēs nātum, Latin no things.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈreŋ/

Pronoun edit

ren

(now literary) nothing
Synonym: nada

Antonym: todo

References edit

“ren” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“ren” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
“ren” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“ren” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.

Haitian Creole edit

Etymology edit

From French rein (“kidney”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɣɛ̃/

Noun edit

ren

kidney

Interlingua edit

Noun edit

ren (plural renes)

kidney

Japanese edit

Romanization edit

ren

Rōmaji transcription of れん

Latin edit

Alternative forms edit

rien

Etymology edit

Uncertain. Several etymologies proposed:^[1]

From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).
Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).^[2]
Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /⁠ḫaḫri-⁠/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).^[3]^[4]^[5]

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /reːn/, [reːn]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ren/, [rɛn]

Noun edit

rēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension

(chiefly in the plural) kidney

Declension edit

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rēn	rēnēs
Genitive	rēnis	rēnum
Dative	rēnī	rēnibus
Accusative	rēnem	rēnēs
Ablative	rēne	rēnibus
Vocative	rēn	rēnēs

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Balkan Romance:
- Romanian: rână
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: rene
- Sicilian: rini
North-Italian:
- Gallo-Italic:
  - Piedmontese: ren
- Venetian: reno
Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: ren
- Old French: rein, rain
  - Middle French: rein
    - French: rein
  - Norman: rein
  - Walloon: rino, rno, rin
  - → English: rein
Occitano-Romance:
- Occitan: ren
Ibero-Romance:
- ⇒ Aragonese: renera
- Old Galician-Portuguese: rẽes f pl (“hips”) (from the plural)
  - Galician: rens, res
- Old Galician-Portuguese:
  - Galician: rin
  - Portuguese: rim
- Spanish: rene (dated)
Sardinian:
- rene
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēna
- Gascon: rea, arrea, arreia, arria, arriá, arrenha
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēnile
- Old Galician-Portuguese: *rẽil
  - Galician: ril, rinle
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rēniō (see there for further descendants)
Borrowings:
- → Gheg Albanian: rrâni
- → English: ren (learned)
- → Interlingua: ren

References edit

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rēnēs, -ium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 519: “PIt. *rēn-.; PIE *h₂r-ēn, -en- ‘kidney’? *srēn- ‘loins’?”
^ Mastrelli, Carlo Alberto (1979) “Una nota su lat. rēnēs e gr. ῥάχις”, in Incontri Linguistici, volume 5, pages 37–42
^ Tocharian and Indo-European Studies, volumes 4-6, (Can we date this quote?)
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “arañce”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 23
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āron-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42

Mandarin edit

Romanization edit

ren

Nonstandard spelling of rén.
Nonstandard spelling of rěn.
Nonstandard spelling of rèn.

Usage notes edit

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx edit

Verb edit

ren

past of jean

Norwegian Bokmål edit

Alternative forms edit

rein (Nynorsk also)

Etymology edit

From Old Norse hreinn.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /reːn/, [ɾeːn]

Adjective edit

ren (neuter singular rent, definite singular and plural rene, comparative renere, indefinite superlative renest, definite superlative reneste)

clean
pure

Antonyms edit

uren

Derived terms edit

References edit

“ren” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Occitan edit

Etymology 1 edit

from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ren/
(file)

Noun edit

ren m (plural rens)

(anatomy) kidney

Synonyms edit

lomb
ronhon

Dialectal variants edit

arnelh (Gascon)

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin rem, accusative of rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”).

Pronoun edit

ren

(Provençal, Limousin) nothing

Dialectal variants edit

res
arren

Piedmontese edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /rɛŋ/

Noun edit

ren m

kidney

Polish edit

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

ren

Wikipedia ^pl

ren

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /rɛn/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn
Syllabification: ren
Homophone: Ren

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from North Germanic. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rein, Swedish ren.

Noun edit

ren m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca)

caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)
Synonyms: karibu, renifer, renifer tundrowy

Declension edit

Declension of ren

	singular	plural
nominative	ren	reny
genitive	rena	renów
dative	renowi	renom
accusative	rena	reny
instrumental	renem	renami
locative	renie	renach
vocative	renie	reny

Related terms edit

adjective

reniferowy

noun

renifer

Etymology 2 edit

Learned borrowing from Latin rhenium.

Noun edit

Chemical element
Re
Previous: wolfram (W)
Next: osm (Os)

ren m inan

rhenium

Declension edit

Declension of ren

	singular
nominative	ren
genitive	renu
dative	renowi
accusative	ren
instrumental	renem
locative	renie
vocative	renie

Romanian edit

Romanian Wikipedia has an article on:

ren

Wikipedia ^ro

Un ren

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French renne, from Swedish ren, from Old Norse hreinn.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ren/

Noun edit

ren m (plural reni)

reindeer

Declension edit

Declension of ren

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) ren	renul	(niște) reni	renii
genitive/dative	(unui) ren	renului	(unor) reni	renilor
vocative	renule		renilor

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /rên/

Noun edit

rȅn m (Cyrillic spelling ре̏н)

horseradish

Declension edit

Declension of ren

	singular
nominative	rȅn
genitive	rèna
dative	renu
accusative	ren
vocative	rene
locative	renu
instrumental	renom

Swedish edit

Pronunciation edit

audio (file)

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse hreinn (noun).

Noun edit

ren c

reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
- 1949, “Rudolf med röda mulen”, Eric Sandström (lyrics), Johnny Marks (music):
  Rudolf med röda mulen, hette en helt vanlig ren, som blivit kall om mulen, därav kom dess röda sken. Rudolf fick alltid höra: "Se, han har sitt dimljus på!" Att han blev led åt detta, är en sak man kan förstå. Men en mörk julaftonskväll, tomtefar han sa: "Vill du inte Rudolf, säg, med din mule lysa mig?" Allt sen den dagen renen, tomtens egen släde drar. Rudolf med röda mulen, lyser väg åt tomtefar.
  Rudolf with the red nose, was the name of a [completely] ordinary reindeer, who had gotten a cold nose [had become cold about/around the nose], thence [thereof] came its red glow. Rudolf always got to hear: "Look, he has his fog light on!" That he got tired of this, is something one can understand. But one dark Christmas Eve night, Santa Claus, he said: "Don't you want to, Rudolf, say, with your nose, light my way [light me]?" Ever since that day the reindeer, Santa's own sleigh pulls. Rudolf with the red nose, lights Santa Claus's way [lights way for Santa Claus].
(chiefly in compounds) a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)

Declension edit

Declension of ren
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	ren	renen	renar	renarna
Genitive	rens	renens	renars	renarnas

Hyponyms edit

härk c
renko c
rentjur c
sarv c
vaja c

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.

Adjective edit

ren (comparative renare, superlative renast)

clean (not dirty)
En tvättmaskin gör kläder rena
A washing machine makes clothes clean

Jag har städat stugan, så nu är det rent och fint där inne
I've cleaned the cabin, so now it's nice and clean in there
pure
rent guld
pure gold

en ren lögn
a pure lie

ren idioti
pure idiocy
1. straight (without anything added)
  dricka vodka rent
  drink vodka straight

Declension edit

Inflection of ren
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative²
Common singular	ren	renare	renast
Neuter singular	rent	renare	renast
Plural	rena	renare	renast
Masculine plural³	rene	renare	renast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular¹	rene	renare	renaste
All	rena	renare	renaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic

Antonyms edit

oren
smutsig

Derived terms edit

References edit

Anagrams edit

ner

Tok Pisin edit

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Etymology edit

From English rain.

Noun edit

ren

rain
- 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:5:
  ...i no gat diwai na gras samting i kamap long graun yet, long wanem, em i no salim ren i kam daun yet. Na i no gat man bilong wokim gaden.
  →New International Version translation

Vietnamese edit

Pronunciation edit

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zɛn˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʐɛŋ˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ɹɛŋ˧˧]

Noun edit

ren • (蓮, 𨕡)

threading

Verb edit

ren • (蓮, 𨕡)

to thread; lace; weave

Wolof edit

Noun edit

ren

last year

References edit

Omar Ka (2018) Nanu Dégg Wolof, National African Language Resource Center, →ISBN, page 155

Wutunhua edit

Etymology edit

From Mandarin 人 (rén).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ɻə̃]

Noun edit

ren

person

References edit

Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎^[1], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rēnēs, -ium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 519: “PIt. *rēn-.; PIE *h₂r-ēn, -en- ‘kidney’? *srēn- ‘loins’?”

[2] Mastrelli, Carlo Alberto (1979) “Una nota su lat. rēnēs e gr. ῥάχις”, in Incontri Linguistici, volume 5, pages 37–42

[3] Tocharian and Indo-European Studies, volumes 4-6, (Can we date this quote?)

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “arañce”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 23

[5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āron-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

ren

English edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Related terms edit

Translations edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

Anagrams edit

Albanian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Related terms edit

References edit

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Chinese edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

Chuukese edit

Preposition edit

Cimbrian edit

Verb edit

References edit

Danish edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Etymology 3 edit

Adjective edit

Inflection edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Verb edit

Galician edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

References edit

Haitian Creole edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Interlingua edit

Noun edit

Japanese edit

Romanization edit

Latin edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Further reading edit

Mandarin edit

Romanization edit

Usage notes edit

Manx edit