ren
English
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editLearned borrowing from Latin rēn. Doublet of rein (“kidney”).
Noun
editren (plural renes)
- (anatomy) A kidney.
- 1759, Malcolm Flemyng, “Lecture XIX. On the kidneys and urinary bladder. Gravel; calculus.”, in An Introduction to Physiology, Being a Courſe of Lectures Upon the moſt important Parts of the Animal Œconomy: […], London: J. Nourse, →OCLC, page 259:
- Having treated laſt of the expulſion of the inteſtinal fæces, we come next to conſider thoſe organs, which ſeparate and throw off another principal excrementitious matter, to wit, urine. The firſt of which is the renes or kidneys.
- 1810, William Tully, “On Aliment”, in Proceedings of the Presidents and Fellows of the Connecticut Medical Society, published 1884, page 326:
- We find, however, that the detrita, consisting principally of effete hydrogen and carbon, brought into the circulation by the absorbents, are constantly making their escape from the system by way of the renes, skin, and lungs, in the forms of water, and carbonic-acid.
- 1858, William Tully, Materia Medica; Or, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, page 1195:
- It would probably have been considered an important omission if I had not mentioned Water as a substance excreted freely by the renes or kidneys.
- 1893, Henry Power, Leonard William Sedgwick, The New Sydenham Society's Lexicon of Medicine and the Allied Sciences:
- Renal. Belonging to the ren or kidney.
Related terms
editTranslations
editEtymology 2
editLearned borrowing from Egyptian rn,
|
Noun
editren (plural rens)
- (Egyptian mythology) One’s name, as part of the soul in ancient Egyptian mythology.
- 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
- For the Ren did not belong to the man, but came out of the Celestial Waters to enter an infant in the hour of his birth and might not stir again until it was time to go back.
Anagrams
editAlbanian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editThe Tosk (Çamërisht, Arbëreshë/Arvanite) and also Old Albanian form of Standard Albanian re (“cloud, clouds”).
Noun
editren f
Related terms
editReferences
edit
Catalan
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editren m (plural rens)
Chinese
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editVerb
editren
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, computer graphics) to render
- ren片 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― ren pin3-2 [Jyutping] ― to render a video
Chuukese
editPreposition
editren
- with (third person singular)
Cimbrian
editVerb
editren
References
edit- Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Danish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Norse hreinn m, from Proto-Germanic *hrainaz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, Old English hrān.
Noun
editren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rener)
Declension
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- “ren,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Norse rein f, from Proto-Germanic *rainō, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German Rain (English rean is from Old Norse).
Noun
editren c (singular definite renen, plural indefinite rene or rener)
- (rare, real estate, agriculture) a strip of unplowed land serving as a boundary between estates
- Synonym: agerren
Declension
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- “ren,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 3
editFrom Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz, cognate with Norwegian rein, Swedish ren, German rein, Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains).
Adjective
editren (neuter rent, plural and definite singular attributive rene)
Inflection
editInflection of ren | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Indefinte common singular | ren | renere | renest2 |
Indefinite neuter singular | rent | renere | renest2 |
Plural | rene | renere | renest2 |
Definite attributive1 | rene | renere | reneste |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- “ren,3” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Dutch rinne, renne.
Noun
editren f (plural rennen, diminutive rennetje n)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editren
- inflection of rennen:
Galician
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese ren, from Latin rēs nāta, neutral plural of rēs nātum, Latin no things.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editren
References
edit- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ren”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “ren”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ren”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ren”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Haitian Creole
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editren
Interlingua
editNoun
editren (plural renes)
Japanese
editRomanization
editren
Latin
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editUncertain. Several etymologies proposed:[1]
- From Proto-Italic *hrēn, cognate with Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “heart, midriff, mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrḗn (“an internal part of the body”).
- Earlier *srēn, cognate with Old Prussian straunay, Lithuanian strė́nos, srė́nos f pl (“loins”), Latvian striena (“loins”) and Avestan 𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬀- (rāna-, “thigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *srḗn (“hip, loins”). Further disputed connection with Ancient Greek ῥάχις (rhákhis, “spine, chine”).[2]
- Cognate with Tocharian A āriñc, Tocharian B arañce (“heart”) and Hittite 𒄩𒄩𒊑 (ḫa-ḫa-ri- /ḫaḫri-/, “lungs ~ midriff ?”) (exact meaning uncertain), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂-ri-, *h₂eh₂-r-en- (“an internal organ”). Compare also Old Irish áru and Welsh aren (“kidney”).[3][4][5]
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /reːn/, [reːn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ren/, [rɛn]
Noun
editrēn m (genitive rēnis); third declension
Declension
editThird-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rēn | rēnēs |
Genitive | rēnis | rēnum |
Dative | rēnī | rēnibus |
Accusative | rēnem | rēnēs |
Ablative | rēne | rēnibus |
Vocative | rēn | rēnēs |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rēnēs, -ium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 519: “PIt. *rēn-.; PIE *h₂r-ēn, -en- ‘kidney’? *srēn- ‘loins’?”
- ^ Mastrelli, Carlo Alberto (1979) “Una nota su lat. rēnēs e gr. ῥάχις”, in Incontri Linguistici, volume 5, pages 37–42
- ^ Tocharian and Indo-European Studies, volumes 4-6, (Can we date this quote?)
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “arañce”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 23
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āron-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42
Further reading
edit- “ren”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ren”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ren in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- ren in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Mandarin
editRomanization
editren
- Nonstandard spelling of rén.
- Nonstandard spelling of rěn.
- Nonstandard spelling of rèn.
Usage notes
edit- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Manx
editVerb
editren
Middle English
editNoun
editren
- Alternative form of reyn (“rain”)
Norwegian Bokmål
editAlternative forms
edit- rein (Nynorsk also)
Etymology
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editren (neuter singular rent, definite singular and plural rene, comparative renere, indefinite superlative renest, definite superlative reneste)
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- “ren” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Occitan
editEtymology 1
editfrom Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editren m (plural rens)
Synonyms
editDialectal variants
editEtymology 2
editFrom Latin rem, accusative of rēs (“thing”). Compare Catalan res (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”).
Pronoun
editren
Dialectal variants
editOld English
editNoun
editrēn m
- Alternative form of reġn
Piedmontese
editPronunciation
editNoun
editren m
Polish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from North Germanic. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rein, Swedish ren.
Noun
editren m animal (female equivalent reniferzyca)
- caribou, reindeer (Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer)
- Synonyms: karibu, renifer, renifer tundrowy
Declension
editRelated terms
editEtymology 2
editLearned borrowing from Latin rhenium.
Noun
editChemical element | |
---|---|
Re | |
Previous: wolfram (W) | |
Next: osm (Os) |
ren m inan
Declension
editFurther reading
editRomanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from French renne, from Swedish ren, from Old Norse hreinn.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editren m (plural reni)
Declension
editSerbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *xrěnъ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editrȅn m (Cyrillic spelling ре̏н)
Declension
editSwedish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editren c
- reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
- 1949, “Rudolf med röda mulen [Rudolf with the red nose]”, Eric Sandström (lyrics), Johnny Marks (music)[1]:
- Rudolf med röda mulen, hette en helt vanlig ren, som blivit kall om mulen, därav kom dess röda sken. Rudolf fick alltid höra: "Se, han har sitt dimljus på!" Att han blev led åt detta, är en sak man kan förstå. Men en mörk julaftonskväll, tomtefar han sa: "Vill du inte Rudolf, säg, med din mule lysa mig?" Allt sen den dagen renen, tomtens egen släde drar. Rudolf med röda mulen, lyser väg åt tomtefar.
- Rudolf with the red nose, was the name of a [completely] ordinary reindeer, who had gotten a cold nose [had become cold about/around the nose], thence [thereof] came its red glow. Rudolf always got to hear: "Look, he has his fog light on!" That he got tired of this, is something one can understand. But one dark Christmas Eve night, Santa Claus, he said: "Don't you want to, Rudolf, say, with your nose, light my way [light me]?" Ever since that day the reindeer, Santa's own sleigh pulls. Rudolf with the red nose, lights Santa Claus's way [lights way for Santa Claus].
- (chiefly in compounds) a strip of land around an edge (of a road or field or the like)
Declension
editDeclension of ren | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ren | renen | renar | renarna |
Genitive | rens | renens | renars | renarnas |
Hyponyms
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Old Norse hreinn (“clean”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.
Adjective
editren (comparative renare, superlative renast)
- clean (not dirty)
- En tvättmaskin gör kläder rena
- A washing machine makes clothes clean
- Jag har städat stugan, så nu är det rent och fint där inne
- I've cleaned the cabin, so now it's nice and clean in there
- pure
- rent guld
- pure gold
- en ren lögn
- a pure lie
- ren idioti
- pure idiocy
- straight (without anything added)
- dricka vodka rent
- drink vodka straight
Declension
editInflection of ren | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | ren | renare | renast |
Neuter singular | rent | renare | renast |
Plural | rena | renare | renast |
Masculine plural3 | rene | renare | renast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | rene | renare | renaste |
All | rena | renare | renaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- ren in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- ren in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- ren in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
editTok Pisin
editEtymology
editNoun
editren
Vietnamese
editPronunciation
editNoun
editVerb
editWolof
editNoun
editren
- last year
References
editOmar Ka (2018) Nanu Dégg Wolof, National African Language Resource Center, →ISBN, page 155
Wutunhua
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editren
References
edit- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɛn
- Rhymes:English/ɛn/1 syllable
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English learned borrowings from Latin
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- English doublets
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- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Anatomy
- English terms with quotations
- English terms borrowed from Egyptian
- English learned borrowings from Egyptian
- English terms derived from Egyptian
- en:Egyptian mythology
- en:Ancient Egypt
- en:Nephrology
- en:Onomastics
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian nouns
- Albanian feminine nouns
- Catalan terms borrowed from French
- Catalan terms derived from French
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- ca:Cervids
- Cantonese clippings
- Cantonese terms derived from English
- Cantonese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Cantonese lemmas
- Cantonese verbs
- Hong Kong Cantonese
- zh:Computer graphics
- Cantonese terms with collocations
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- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese prepositions
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian verbs
- cim:Talking
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms with rare senses
- da:Real estate
- da:Agriculture
- Danish adjectives
- da:Cervids
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛn
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛn/1 syllable
- Dutch terms with homophones
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician pronouns
- Galician literary terms
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole nouns
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua nouns
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
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- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- la:Organs
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Manx non-lemma forms
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- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
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- Occitan terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Occitan terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Occitan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Occitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Occitan terms with audio pronunciation
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan nouns
- Occitan masculine nouns
- Occitan countable nouns
- oc:Anatomy
- Occitan pronouns
- Provençal
- Limousin
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English masculine nouns
- Piedmontese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Piedmontese lemmas
- Piedmontese nouns
- Piedmontese masculine nouns
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛn
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛn/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish terms borrowed from North Germanic languages
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- Polish lemmas
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- Polish terms borrowed from Latin
- Polish learned borrowings from Latin
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- pl:Chemical elements
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish singularia tantum
- pl:Male animals
- pl:Reindeers
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
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- sh:Vegetables
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- sv:Even-toed ungulates
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