泳

泳 U+6CF3, 泳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CF3 ← 泲 [U+6CF2] CJK Unified Ideographs 泴 → [U+6CF4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

泳 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水戈弓水 (EINE), four-corner 3313₂, composition ⿰氵永)

Derived characters

• 𮦛, 𬠘

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 619, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17328
• Dae Jaweon: page 1014, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1595, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6CF3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		泳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泳
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (永) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
永	*ɢʷraŋʔ
栐	*ɢʷraŋʔ
泳	*ɢʷraŋs
詠	*ɢʷraŋs
咏	*ɢʷraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷraŋs) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 永 (OC *ɢʷraŋʔ).

Etymology

Possibly related to Thai ว่าย (wâai, “to swim”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yǒng (yong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yun⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wing⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ven⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): yn⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yún

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yun³

• Jin (Wiktionary): yng²
• Eastern Min (BUC): êng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): éng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iong³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ion
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yn⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
    • Wade–Giles: yung³
    • Yale: yǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yun⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: wen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wing⁶
    • Yale: wihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wing⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wing⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɪŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ven⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ven³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: yn⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
    • Hakka Romanization System: iun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yun<sup>3</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯un³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yún
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yun³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯un³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yun³
    • Sinological IPA: /iun³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: yng²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ỹŋ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: êng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng
    • Tâi-lô: íng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: eang
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iong³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵ion
    • MiniDict: ion^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ion
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: yn⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yn⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: hjwaengH

Rime
Character	泳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	庚 (112)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	爲命切
Baxter	hjwaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠwiæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚiaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwiajŋH/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐŋH/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wing6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷraŋ(ʔ)-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	泳
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwængH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷraŋ(ʔ)-s/
English	go in water, wade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泳
Reading #	1/1
No.	15425
Phonetic component	永
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	詠
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷraŋs/

Definitions

泳

1. to swim

   • 漢之廣矣，不可泳思。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     汉之广矣，不可泳思。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Hàn zhī guǎng yǐ, bùkě yǒng sī. [Pinyin]

     The breadth of the Han
     Cannot be dived across.

2. a surname

Compounds

• 仰泳 (yǎngyǒng)
• 側泳／侧泳 (cèyǒng)
• 捷泳 (jiéyǒng)
• 暢泳／畅泳
• 泳壇／泳坛 (yǒngtán)
• 泳手 (yǒngshǒu)
• 泳捆 (yǒngkǔn)
• 泳氣鐘／泳气钟
• 泳池 (yǒngchí)
• 泳衣 (yǒngyī)
• 泳裝／泳装 (yǒngzhuāng)
• 海豚泳
• 涵泳
• 游泳 (yóuyǒng)
• 游泳圈 (yóuyǒngquān)
• 游泳池 (yóuyǒngchí)
• 游泳衣 (yóuyǒngyī)
• 游泳褲／游泳裤 (yóuyǒngkù)
• 潛泳／潜泳 (qiányǒng)
• 爬泳 (páyǒng)
• 背泳 (bèiyǒng)
• 自由泳 (zìyóuyǒng)
• 蛙泳 (wāyǒng)
• 蝶泳 (diéyǒng)
• 裸泳 (luǒyǒng)
• 電泳／电泳 (diànyǒng)

 

References

• “泳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

泳

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to swim

Readings

• Go-on: よう (yō)^{←やう (yau, historical)←ゐやう (wyau, ancient)}
• Kan-on: えい (ei, Jōyō)^{←えい (ei, historical)←ゑい (wei, ancient)}
• Kun: およぐ (oyogu, 泳ぐ, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泳
えい Grade: 3
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 泳 (MC hjwaengH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [e̞ː]

Affix

泳(えい) • (ei) 

1. swim

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 泳 (MC hjwaengH). Recorded as Middle Korean 여ᇰ〯 (yěng) (Yale: yeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

泳 (eumhun 헤엄칠 영 (heeomchil yeong))

1. Hanja form^? of 영 (“dive”).
2. Hanja form^? of 영 (“swim”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 수영 (水泳, suyeong, “swimming”)
• 접영 (蝶泳, jeobyeong, “butterfly stroke”)
• 배영 (背泳, baeyeong, “backstroke”)
• 평영 (平泳, pyeong'yeong, “breaststroke”)
• 혼영 (混泳, honyeong, “a medley (race)”)
• 수영복 (水泳服, suyeongbok, “swimsuit”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 泳

Kunigami

Kanji

泳

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Kun: ういじゅん (uijun, 泳じゅん)

Okinawan

Kanji

泳

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: っゐーじゅん ('wījun, 泳じゅん)

Vietnamese

Nom glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷraŋs) : semantic 氵 (thuỷ, “water (radical form)”) + phonetic 永 (vĩnh).

Han character

泳: Hán Việt readings: vịnh
泳: Nôm readings: vịnh, vạnh

1. Nôm form of vịnh (“gulf, bay”).
2. chữ Hán form of vịnh (“dive, swim”).

Yonaguni

Kanji

泳

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Kun: うく゚ん (ungun, 泳く゚ん)