See also: and
U+7232, 爲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7232

[U+7231]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7233]

Translingual

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Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean
Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 87, +8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月竹弓火 (BHNF), four-corner 20227 or 20327, composition ⿵⿰丿𠃌)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 689, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19686
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1102, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2033, character 21
  • Unihan data for U+7232

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Originally an Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): (hand) + (elephant). See for the full etymology and historical forms.

Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to do; to make; to administer; to govern; etc.”).
(This character is a variant traditional form of ).

Usage notes

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This character is the standard traditional form of in mainland China, according to Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters.

Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. do, perform, carry out, sake

Readings

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  • Go-on: (i) (wi, historical)
  • Kan-on: (i) (wi, historical)
  • Kun: ため (tame, )する (suru, 爲る)なす (nasu, 爲す)なる (naru, 爲る)

Usage notes

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Rarely used except for historical surnames such as 爲ケ谷 (ためがや), nowadays written 為谷.

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun (hal wi))

  1. hanja form? of (to do; act)

Compounds

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Middle Korean

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Verb

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(ho-)

  1. idu form? of ᄒᆞ (to do, also a light verb deriving verbs and adjectives)

Old Korean

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Verb

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(*HO(Y)-)

  1. to do
    Synonym: 爲只 (*SIk-)
  2. a light verb attached to various non-verbs to derive verbs and adjectives.
  3. (after a locative particle) to be at
    Synonyms: 有叱 (*Is-), (*KYE-)
    • c. 1200, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Avatamsaka Sutra, vol. 14, pages 8:20—9:01:
      一切衆生[於]生死良中
      *IL.CHYEY CWUNG.SOYNG-un CWUKSALI-s TYUNG-akuy HOY-a
      As all the sentient beings are in the midst of life and death
      (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed characters were ignored when read.)
    • c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra, page 11:22:
      [於]我良中
      NA-uy ALPH-akuy HOY-a
      As it is in front of me
      (N.B. Gugyeol glyphs are given in non-abbreviated forms. Bracketed characters were ignored when read.)

Reconstruction notes

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Various inflected or derived verbal forms which were written phonetically, e.g. or , testify beyond doubt that this word had initial */h-/ and is the ancestor of Middle Korean ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hò-tá). It is usually transcribed as *HO- after the Middle Korean reflex, but the Middle Korean irregular infinitive ᄒᆞ〮야〮 (Yale: hóy-á) implies that the earlier form was actually *hoy- (Vovin 2010, p.27). Whether the attested Old Korean forms transcribed older *hoy- or later *ho- is unclear due to the phonological opaqueness of the orthography.

Descendants

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  • Middle Korean: ᄒᆞ다〮 (hò-tá, to do; light verb)
    • Jeju: ᄒᆞ다 (hawda, to do; light verb)
    • Korean: 하다 (hada, to do; light verb)

References

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  • 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: vị[1], [2]
: Nôm readings: vay[2], [2][1], , voi, , vờ, vi

Etymology 1

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Preposition

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(vị)

  1. chữ Hán form of vị ((rare, literary) for the sake of).

Etymology 2

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Conjunction

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()

  1. chữ Nôm form of (because (by or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that)).

Etymology 3

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Verb

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(vay)

  1. chữ Nôm form of vay (to borrow).

References

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