滅亡

See also: 灭亡

Chinese

		extinguish	to die; to perish
trad. (滅亡)		滅	亡
simp. (灭亡)		灭	亡

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mièwáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mit⁶ mong⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): me̍t-mòng
• Min Nan (POJ): bia̍t-bông

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: mièwáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miehwang
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mièwáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mjɛ⁵¹ wɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mit⁶ mong⁴
    • Yale: miht mòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mit⁹ mong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mid⁶ mong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːt̚² mɔːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t-mòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: med mongˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: med⁶ mong²
    • Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵ moŋ¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍t-bông
    • Tâi-lô: bia̍t-bông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biadboong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛt̚²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛt̚⁴⁻³² bɔŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /miᴇt̚  mʉɐŋ/

Rime
Character	滅	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	薛 (81)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	亡列切	武方切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇt̚/	/mʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛt̚/	/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mjæt̚/	/miuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miat̚/	/muaŋ/
Li Rong	/miɛt̚/	/miuaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭɛt̚/	/mĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛt̚/	/miwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miè	wáng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[m]et  maŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*med  maŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	滅	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miè	wáng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjiet ›	‹ mjang ›
Old Chinese	/*[m]et/	/*maŋ/
English	destroy	flee; disappear; die
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	滅	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13942	12662
Phonetic component	戌	亡
Rime group	月	陽
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	滅	亡
Old Chinese	/*med/	/*maŋ/
Notes	烕轉註

Verb

滅亡

1. (intransitive) to be destroyed; to become extinct; to die out

   走向滅亡 / 走向灭亡  ―  zǒuxiàng mièwáng  ―  to be on the road to ruin

2. (transitive) to destroy; to annihilate; to exterminate

Synonyms

• (to be destroyed):

edit

• 湮沒／湮没 (yānmò)
• 覆亡 (fùwáng) (literary)

• 覆沒／覆没 (fùmò)
• 覆滅／覆灭 (fùmiè)

• (to destroy):

edit

Synonyms of 滅亡

• 剪除 (jiǎnchú)
• 埋葬 (máizàng) (literary, figuratively)
• 撲滅／扑灭 (pūmiè)
• 收拾 (shōushi) (colloquial)
• 根除 (gēnchú)
• 殲滅／歼灭 (jiānmiè)
• 殺滅／杀灭 (shāmiè)

• 毀滅／毁灭 (huǐmiè)
• 泯絕／泯绝 (mǐnjué) (literary)
• 消滅／消灭 (xiāomiè)
• 滅殺／灭杀 (mièshā)
• 滅絕／灭绝 (mièjué)
• 絕滅／绝灭 (juémiè)
• 解決／解决 (jiějué)

Derived terms

• 自取滅亡／自取灭亡 (zìqǔmièwáng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (滅亡):

• → Japanese: 滅亡(めつぼう) (metsubō)
• → Korean: 멸망 (滅亡, myeolmang)
• → Vietnamese: diệt vong (滅亡)

Related terms

• 消失 (xiāoshī)
• 消亡 (xiāowáng)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
滅	亡
めつ Grade: S	ぼう Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) めつぼー [mètsúbóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [me̞t͡sɨᵝbo̞ː]

Noun

滅(めつ)亡(ぼう) • (metsubō) 

1. death, collapse
2. extinction

Synonyms

• 消滅

Antonyms

• (death): 成立, 勃興

Verb

滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)する • (metsubō suru) intransitive suru (stem 滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)し (metsubō shi), past 滅(めつ)亡(ぼう)した (metsubō shita))

1. to die, to perish
2. to die out, to become extinct

Conjugation

Conjugation of "滅亡する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	滅亡し	めつぼうし	metsubō shi
Continuative (連用形)	滅亡し	めつぼうし	metsubō shi
Terminal (終止形)	滅亡する	めつぼうする	metsubō suru
Attributive (連体形)	滅亡する	めつぼうする	metsubō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	滅亡すれ	めつぼうすれ	metsubō sure
Imperative (命令形)	滅亡せよ¹ 滅亡しろ²	めつぼうせよ¹ めつぼうしろ²	metsubō seyo¹ metsubō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	滅亡される	めつぼうされる	metsubō sareru
Causative	滅亡させる 滅亡さす	めつぼうさせる めつぼうさす	metsubō saseru metsubō sasu
Potential	滅亡できる	めつぼうできる	metsubō dekiru
Volitional	滅亡しよう	めつぼうしよう	metsubō shiyō
Negative	滅亡しない	めつぼうしない	metsubō shinai
Negative continuative	滅亡せず	めつぼうせず	metsubō sezu
Formal	滅亡します	めつぼうします	metsubō shimasu
Perfective	滅亡した	めつぼうした	metsubō shita
Conjunctive	滅亡して	めつぼうして	metsubō shite
Hypothetical conditional	滅亡すれば	めつぼうすれば	metsubō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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Korean

Hanja in this term
滅	亡

Noun

滅亡 • (myeolmang) (hangeul 멸망)

1. Hanja form^? of 멸망 (“extinction”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
滅	亡

Verb

滅亡

1. Hán tự form of diệt vong (“to perish; to be destroyed”).