藥
|
Translingual
editTraditional | 藥 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 薬 |
Simplified | 药 |
Han character
edit藥 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 廿女戈木 (TVID), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹樂)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1065, character 47
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32341
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3320, character 11
- Unihan data for U+85E5
Chinese
edittrad. | 藥 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 药* | |
alternative forms | 葯/药 薬 𤂼 𣛙 |
Glyph origin
editPhono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *lawɢ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ).
Etymology 1
editAccording to Schuessler (2007), either:
- related to Mizo hlo (“a weed, drug, medicine”), or
- cognate to 療 (OC *rews, “to treat, to cure”), thus beloning to the same word family as 瀹 (OC *lowɢ), 爍 (OC *qʰljawɢ).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuo2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йүә (yüə, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ioh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): iò̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): iŏh
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 8yaq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): io6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yào
- Wade–Giles: yao4
- Yale: yàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yaw
- Palladius: яо (jao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàor
- Wade–Giles: yao4-ʼrh
- Yale: yàur
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yawl
- Palladius: яор (jaor)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
- Sinological IPA (key): /yo²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йүә (yüə, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /yə²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: joek6 / ngok6
- Yale: yeuhk / ngohk
- Cantonese Pinyin: joek9 / ngok9
- Guangdong Romanization: yêg6 / ngog6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːk̚²/, /ŋɔːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: ngok6 - surname.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yiak4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiak̚²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ioh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɔʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yo̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: iog
- Hagfa Pinyim: yog6
- Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yo̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iog
- Hagfa Pinyim: yog6
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iò̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɔ⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iŏh
- Sinological IPA (key): /yoʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io̍k
- Tâi-lô: io̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: iok
- IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍k
- Tâi-lô: ia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: iak
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iak̚¹²¹/
Note:
- io̍h - vernacular;
- io̍k/ia̍k - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ioh8 / iêh8 / iag8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: io̍h / ie̍h / ia̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /ioʔ⁴/, /ieʔ⁴/, /iak̚⁴/
Note:
- iêh8 - Chaozhou, Chenghai;
- iag8 - used in 芍藥.
- Middle Chinese: yak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-r[e]wk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*lawɢ/
Definitions
edit藥
- medicine; drug; pharmaceutical
- substance used for a particular purpose (e.g. poisoning, fermenting, explosion)
- Short for 芍藥/芍药 (sháoyao).
- to treat; to cure
- to poison
- a surname
See also
editDescendants
editOthers:
- → Kavalan: iyu
Compounds
edit- 下藥/下药 (xiàyào)
- 上藥/上药 (shàngyào)
- 不可救藥/不可救药 (bùkějiùyào)
- 不死藥/不死药
- 不老藥/不老药
- 不藥而癒/不药而愈
- 不龜手藥/不龟手药 (bùjūnshǒuyào)
- 不龜藥/不龟药
- 中藥/中药 (zhōngyào)
- 中藥偏方/中药偏方
- 中藥材/中药材 (zhōngyàocái)
- 中藥鋪/中药铺
- 丸藥/丸药 (wányào)
- 丹藥/丹药
- 乳藥求死/乳药求死
- 二和藥/二和药
- 仙藥/仙药
- 仰藥/仰药 (yǎngyào)
- 偽藥/伪药
- 傷藥/伤药
- 入藥/入药 (rùyào)
- 內服藥/内服药
- 刀創藥/刀创药
- 利濕藥/利湿药 (lìshīyào)
- 前藥/前药 (qiányào)
- 前驅藥/前驱药 (qiánqūyào)
- 劇藥/剧药
- 劣藥/劣药
- 勿藥/勿药
- 勿藥有喜/勿药有喜
- 勿藥而愈/勿药而愈
- 取藥/取药 (qǔyào)
- 吃後悔藥/吃后悔药 (chī hòuhuǐyào)
- 吃槍藥/吃枪药 (chī qiāngyào)
- 吃藥/吃药 (chīyào)
- 吃錯藥/吃错药 (chī cuò yào)
- 嘗藥/尝药
- 固澀藥/固涩药 (gùsèyào)
- 國藥/国药 (guóyào)
- 土藥/土药
- 坐藥/坐药 (zuòyào)
- 外用藥/外用药 (wàiyòng yào)
- 多蒙藥石/多蒙药石
- 奉藥/奉药
- 妙藥/妙药 (miàoyào)
- 安眠藥/安眠药 (ānmiányào)
- 安神藥/安神药 (ānshényào)
- 安胎藥/安胎药
- 官料藥/官料药
- 家山藥/家山药
- 對症下藥/对症下药 (duìzhèngxiàyào)
- 山藥/山药 (shānyao)
- 山藥蛋/山药蛋 (shānyaodàn)
- 工礦炸藥/工矿炸药
- 平肝藥/平肝药 (pínggān yào)
- 彈藥/弹药 (dànyào)
- 後悔藥/后悔药 (hòuhuǐyào)
- 後悔藥兒/后悔药儿
- 心藥/心药
- 悍藥/悍药
- 懵藥/懵药
- 成藥/成药 (chéngyào)
- 打藥/打药
- 抗憂鬱藥/抗忧郁药
- 抗瘧藥/抗疟药 (kàngnüèyào)
- 投藥/投药
- 抓藥/抓药 (zhuāyào)
- 抗藥性/抗药性
- 採藥/采药
- 換藥/换药 (huànyào)
- 撮藥/撮药
- 擦俊藥/擦俊药
- 救藥/救药 (jiùyào)
- 敷藥/敷药 (fūyào)
- 方藥/方药 (fāngyào)
- 早占勿藥
- 春藥/春药 (chūnyào)
- 服藥/服药 (fúyào)
- 木芍藥/木芍药
- 本草藥學/本草药学
- 果子藥/果子药
- 棉花火藥/棉花火药
- 止痛藥/止痛药 (zhǐtòngyào)
- 止血藥/止血药 (zhǐxuèyào)
- 毒藥/毒药 (dúyào)
- 毒藥苦口/毒药苦口
- 沒藥/没药 (mòyào)
- 洴澼藥/洴澼药
- 洋藥/洋药 (yángyào)
- 活血祛瘀藥/活血祛瘀药
- 消導藥/消导药 (xiāodǎoyào)
- 消毒藥/消毒药
- 消炎藥/消炎药 (xiāoyányào)
- 清熱藥/清热药 (qīngrèyào)
- 涼藥/凉药
- 湯藥/汤药 (tāngyào)
- 溫裡藥/温里药 (wēnlǐyào)
- 漢藥方/汉药方
- 瀉下藥/泻下药 (xièxiàyào)
- 瀉藥/泻药 (xièyào)
- 火藥/火药 (huǒyào)
- 火藥庫/火药库
- 炸藥/炸药 (zhàyào)
- 烏藥/乌药 (wūyào)
- 無可救藥/无可救药 (wúkějiùyào)
- 無煙火藥/无烟火药 (wúyān huǒyào)
- 無藥可救/无药可救 (wúyàokějiù)
- 煎藥/煎药 (jiānyào)
- 熱藥/热药
- 熟藥/熟药
- 熬藥/熬药 (áoyào)
- 特效藥/特效药 (tèxiàoyào)
- 牽機藥/牵机药
- 狂藥/狂药 (kuángyào)
- 狗皮膏藥/狗皮膏药
- 狼虎藥/狼虎药
- 猛藥/猛药
- 生藥/生药
- 生藥局/生药局
- 白兔擣藥/白兔捣药
- 白藥/白药 (báiyào)
- 祛風藥/祛风药 (qūfēng yào)
- 票房毒藥/票房毒药 (piàofáng dúyào)
- 禁藥/禁药 (jìnyào)
- 科學中藥/科学中药 (kēxué zhōngyào)
- 紅藥/红药 (hóngyào)
- 紅藥水/红药水 (hóngyàoshuǐ)
- 紫藥水/紫药水
- 腐腸之藥/腐肠之药
- 膏藥/膏药 (gāoyào)
- 膏藥油子/膏药油子
- 良藥/良药 (liángyào)
- 良藥苦口/良药苦口 (liángyàokǔkǒu)
- 芍藥/芍药
- 芍藥花/芍药花
- 芳香化濕藥/芳香化湿药
- 草藥/草药 (cǎoyào)
- 草頭藥/草头药
- 蒙汗藥/蒙汗药
- 蒙藥/蒙药
- 藥丸/药丸 (yàowán)
- 藥丸兒/药丸儿
- 藥仔/药仔 (yo̍k-é) (Hokkien)
- 藥典/药典 (yàodiǎn)
- 藥到回春/药到回春
- 藥到病除/药到病除 (yàodàobìngchú)
- 藥劑/药剂 (yàojì)
- 藥劑師/药剂师 (yàojìshī)
- 藥力/药力 (yàolì)
- 藥勁兒/药劲儿 (yàojìnr)
- 藥包/药包
- 藥叉/药叉
- 藥吊子/药吊子
- 藥味/药味
- 藥味兒/药味儿
- 藥品/药品 (yàopǐn)
- 藥商/药商 (yàoshāng)
- 藥單/药单 (yàodān)
- 藥單兒/药单儿
- 藥壺/药壶
- 藥學/药学 (yàoxué)
- 藥害/药害
- 藥局/药局 (yàojú)
- 藥屋/药屋
- 藥師/药师 (yàoshī)
- 藥師佛/药师佛 (Yàoshīfó)
- 藥師節/药师节
- 藥店/药店 (yàodiàn)
- 藥廠/药厂 (yàochǎng)
- 藥引子/药引子 (yàoyǐnzi)
- 藥性/药性 (yàoxìng)
- 藥性氣/药性气
- 藥房/药房 (yàofáng)
- 藥捻兒/药捻儿
- 藥捻子/药捻子 (yàoniǎnzi)
- 藥效/药效 (yàoxiào)
- 藥方/药方 (yàofāng)
- 藥方兒/药方儿 (yàofāngr)
- 藥末/药末 (yàomò)
- 藥材/药材 (yàocái)
- 藥械/药械
- 藥棉/药棉
- 藥檢/药检 (yàojiǎn)
- 藥死/药死
- 藥殺/药杀
- 藥水/药水 (yàoshuǐ)
- 藥水兒/药水儿 (yàoshuǐr)
- 藥汁/药汁
- 藥法/药法
- 藥浴/药浴
- 藥渣/药渣 (yàozhā)
- 藥渣兒/药渣儿
- 藥片/药片 (yàopiàn)
- 藥片兒/药片儿 (yàopiànr)
- 藥物/药物 (yàowù)
- 藥物中毒/药物中毒
- 藥物學/药物学
- 藥物成癮/药物成瘾
- 藥物治療/药物治疗 (yàowù zhìliáo)
- 藥獸/药兽
- 藥王/药王 (Yàowáng)
- 藥王菩薩/药王菩萨 (Yàowáng Púsà)
- 藥理/药理 (yàolǐ)
- 藥用/药用 (yàoyòng)
- 藥用植物/药用植物
- 藥疹/药疹 (yàozhěn)
- 藥癮/药瘾
- 藥發傀儡/药发傀儡
- 藥皂/药皂 (yàozào)
- 藥石/药石 (yàoshí)
- 藥石之言/药石之言
- 藥石罔效/药石罔效 (yàoshíwǎngxiào)
- 藥碾子/药碾子 (yàoniǎnzi)
- 藥筒/药筒
- 藥箱/药箱 (yàoxiāng)
- 藥箭/药箭
- 藥籠中物/药笼中物
- 藥籤/药签
- 藥粉/药粉 (yàofěn)
- 藥線/药线
- 藥罐/药罐 (yàoguàn)
- 藥罐子/药罐子 (yàoguànzi)
- 藥膏/药膏 (yàogāo)
- 藥膛/药膛
- 藥膳/药膳 (yàoshàn)
- 藥茶/药茶 (yàochá)
- 藥草/药草 (yàocǎo)
- 藥行/药行 (yàoháng)
- 藥衡/药衡 (yàohéng)
- 藥衣子/药衣子
- 藥袋/药袋
- 藥補/药补 (yàobǔ)
- 藥裹關心/药裹关心
- 藥言/药言
- 藥貼/药贴
- 藥農/药农 (yàonóng)
- 藥酒/药酒 (yàojiǔ)
- 藥量/药量
- 藥鋪/药铺 (yàopù)
- 藥錠/药锭
- 藥頭/药头 (yàotóu)
- 藥食同源/药食同源
- 藥餅/药饼
- 藥餌/药饵 (yào'ěr)
- 藥骰/药骰
- 藥麵/药面
- 藥麵兒/药面儿 (yàomiànr)
- 行氣藥/行气药 (xíngqìyào)
- 行藥/行药
- 補益藥/补益药 (bǔyìyào)
- 補藥/补药 (bǔyào)
- 製藥/制药 (zhìyào)
- 西藥/西药 (xīyào)
- 解藥/解药 (jiěyào)
- 解表藥/解表药 (jiěbiǎoyào)
- 試藥/试药
- 賣膏藥的/卖膏药的
- 贖藥/赎药
- 農藥/农药 (nóngyào)
- 迷幻藥/迷幻药 (míhuànyào)
- 迷藥/迷药
- 避孕藥/避孕药 (bìyùnyào)
- 配藥/配药 (pèiyào)
- 酒藥/酒药
- 配藥師/配药师 (pèiyàoshī)
- 醫藥/医药 (yīyào)
- 醫藥分業/医药分业
- 醫藥費/医药费 (yīyàofèi)
- 釉藥/釉药
- 金瘡藥/金疮药
- 開藥方/开药方
- 阿仙藥/阿仙药 (āxiānyào)
- 雲南白藥/云南白药 (yúnnán báiyào)
- 靈丹妙藥/灵丹妙药 (língdānmiàoyào)
- 靈丹聖藥/灵丹圣药 (língdānshèngyào)
- 靈藥/灵药 (língyào)
- 韓康賣藥/韩康卖药
- 風藥/风药
- 飛騰之藥/飞腾之药
- 驅蟲藥/驱虫药 (qūchóngyào)
- 鹿門采藥/鹿门采药
- 麵子藥/面子药
- 麻藥/麻药 (máyào)
- 麻醉藥品/麻醉药品
- 黃色炸藥/黄色炸药 (huángsè zhàyào)
- 黑色火藥/黑色火药 (hēisè huǒyào)
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shuò
- Wade–Giles: shuo4
- Yale: shwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuoh
- Palladius: шо (šo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit藥
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lyuè
- Wade–Giles: lüeh4
- Yale: lywè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liueh
- Palladius: люэ (ljue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ly̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
edit藥
Japanese
edit薬 | |
藥 |
Kanji
edit藥
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 薬)
Readings
editKorean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 藥 (MC yak). Recorded as Middle Korean 약〮 (yák) (Yale: yák) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ja̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [약]
Hanja
editCompounds
editCompounds
- 약사 (藥師, yaksa, “pharmacist”)
- 제약 (製藥, jeyak)
- 약국 (藥局, yakguk)
- 농약 (農藥, nong'yak)
- 약방 (藥房, yakbang)
- 약품 (藥品, yakpum)
- 약효 (藥效, yakhyo)
- 독약 (毒藥, dogyak)
- 보약 (補藥, boyak)
- 한약 (韓藥, hanyak)
- 한약 (漢藥, hanyak)
- 약물 (藥物, yangmul)
- 약재 (藥材, yakjae)
- 약제 (藥劑, yakje)
- 약초 (藥草, yakcho)
- 복약 (服藥, bogyak)
- 약수 (藥水, yaksu)
- 치약 (齒藥, chiyak)
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit藥: Hán Việt readings: dược
藥: Nôm readings: dược, thuốc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Derived terms
editCategories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
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- Chinese nouns
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading やく
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くすり
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
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