drug
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English drogge (“medicine”), from Middle French drogue (“cure, pharmaceutical product”), from Old French drogue, drocque (“tincture, pharmaceutical product”), from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German droge, as in droge vate (“dry vats, dry barrels”), mistaking droge for the contents, which were usually dried herbs, plants or wares. Droge comes from Middle Dutch drōghe (“dry”), from Old Dutch drōgi (“dry”), from Proto-Germanic *draugiz (“dry, hard”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”). Cognate with English dry, Dutch droog (“dry”), German trocken (“dry”).
NounEdit
drug (plural drugs)
- (pharmacology) A substance used to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pharmaceutical
- Aspirin is a drug that reduces pain, acts against inflammation and lowers body temperature.
- The revenues from both brand-name drugs and generic drugs have increased.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
- whence merchants bring their spicy drugs
- A psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive, ingested for recreational use, such as cocaine.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:recreational drug
- take drugs
- she used to be a drug addict
- 1971, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Harper Perennial 2005 edition, page 3:
- We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold.
- March 1991, unknown student, "Antihero opinion", SPIN, page 70
- You have a twelve-year-old kid being told from the time he's like five years old that all drugs are bad, they're going to screw you up, don't try them. Just say no. Then they try pot.
- 2005, Thomas Brent Andrews, The Pot Plan: Louie B. Stumblin and the War on Drugs, Chronic Discontent Books, →ISBN, page 19:
- The only thing working against the poor Drug Abuse Resistance Officer is high-school students. ... He'd offer his simple lesson: Drugs are bad, people who use drugs are bad, and abstinence is the only answer.
- Anything, such as a substance, emotion, or action, to which one is addicted.
- 2005, Jack Haas, Om, Baby!: a Pilgrimage to the Eternal Self, page 8
- Inspiration is my drug. Such things as spirituality, booze, travel, psychedelics, contemplation, music, dance, laughter, wilderness, and ribaldry — these have simply been the different forms of the drug of inspiration for which I have had great need […]
- 2009, Niki Flynn, Dances with Werewolves, page 8:
- Fear was my drug of choice. I thrived on scary movies, ghost stories and rollercoasters. I dreamed of playing the last girl left alive in a slasher film — the one who screams herself hoarse as she discovers her friends' bodies one by one.
- 2010, Kesha Rose Sebert (Ke$ha), with Pebe Sebert and Joshua Coleman (Ammo), Your Love is My Drug
- 2011, Joslyn Shy, Introducing the Truth, page 5:
- The truth is...eating is my drug. When I am upset, I eat...when I am sad, I eat...when I am happy, I eat.
- 2005, Jack Haas, Om, Baby!: a Pilgrimage to the Eternal Self, page 8
- Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand.
- 1685, John Dryden, Albion and Albanius
- And virtue shall a drug become.
- 1743, Henry Fielding, The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews, and His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), 3rd edition, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], OCLC 1157347657:
- But sermons are mere drugs.
- 1685, John Dryden, Albion and Albanius
- (Canada, US, informal) Short for drugstore.
- 1980, Stephen King, The Mist:
- “I’ll go this far,” I answered him. “We’ll try going over to the drug. You, me, Ollie if he wants to go, one or two others. Then we’ll talk it over again.”
Derived termsEdit
- antidrug
- blockbuster drug
- club drug
- controlled drug
- counterdrug
- date rape drug
- designer drug
- disease modifying drug
- dissociative drug
- do drugs
- drug abuse
- drug abuser
- drug addict
- drug addiction
- drug baron
- drug deal
- drug dealer
- drug dog
- drug driving
- drug fiend
- drug in the market
- drug lab
- drug lord
- drug naive
- drug naïve
- drug of choice
- drug of last resort
- drug on the market
- drug pusher
- drug rug
- drug run
- drug runner
- drug running
- drug store
- drug test
- drug trafficker
- drug trafficking
- drug wormseed
- drug-addled
- drug-dealer
- drug-fiend
- drug-naive
- drug-naïve
- drug-ridden
- drugfree
- druggie
- druggist
- druggy
- drugless
- druglord
- druglore
- drugmaker
- drugstore
- drugtaker
- drugtaking
- fertility drug
- gateway drug
- hard drug
- hard drug
- lifestyle drug
- look what the cat drug in
- love drug
- miracle drug
- multidrug
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- nondrug
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- orphan drug
- parent drug
- polydrug
- postdrug
- prescription drug
- prodrug
- recreational drug
- sex drug
- small molecule drug
- soft drug
- street drug
- sulfa drug
- truth drug
- wonder drug
- wonderdrug
- Z-drug
CollocationsEdit
- dangerous, illicit, illegal, psychoactive, generic, hard, veterinary, recreational
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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VerbEdit
drug (third-person singular simple present drugs, present participle drugging, simple past and past participle drugged)
- (transitive) To administer intoxicating drugs to, generally without the recipient's knowledge or consent.
- She suddenly felt strange, and only then realized she'd been drugged.
- (transitive) To add intoxicating drugs to with the intention of drugging someone.
- She suddenly felt strange. She realized her drink must have been drugged.
- (intransitive) To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.
- 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, OCLC 1008120557; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, OCLC 52009618, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- Past all the doses of your drugging doctors
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 2Edit
Germanic ablaut formation. If old, a doublet of drew, from Proto-Germanic *drōg; compare Dutch droeg, German trug, Swedish drog. If secondary, probably formed by analogy with hang.
VerbEdit
drug
- (dialect) simple past tense and past participle of drag
- 1961 Kurt Vonnegut, Harrison Bergeron
- […] their faces were masked, so that no one, seeing a free and graceful gesture or a pretty face, would feel like something the cat drug in.
- 2005, Diane Wilson, An Unreasonable Woman: A True Story of Shrimpers, →ISBN, page 193:
- When Blackburn called, I drug the telephone cord twenty feet out of the office and sat on the cord while I talked with him.
- 2009 August 13, Tom Armstrong, Marvin (comic):
- It's about time you drug it home, Jeff!
- You look like someone drug you behind a horse for half a mile.
- 1961 Kurt Vonnegut, Harrison Bergeron
Usage notesEdit
- Random House says that drug is "nonstandard" as the past tense of drag. Merriam-Webster once ruled that drug in this construction was "illiterate" but have since upgraded it to "dialect". The lexicographers of New World, American Heritage, and Oxford make no mention of this sense.
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
drug (plural drugs)
- (obsolete) A drudge.
- c. 1605–1608, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iii]:
- Hadst thou, like us from our first swath, proceeded / The sweet degrees that this brief world affords / To such as may the passive drugs of it / Freely command, thou wouldst have plunged thyself / In general riot
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
drug m (plural drugs)
- (chiefly plural, which see) A recreational drug, psychoactive substance, especially when illegal and addictive.
Old PolishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drȗgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-os, from *dʰrewgʰ-.
NounEdit
drug m
- friend
- Synonym: przyjaciel
- Antonym: wróg
- Bądź tobie pożegnanie, synu moj miły, bo jeś dobrego druga a csnego męża syn.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Polish: druh (literary)
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Serbo-Croatian drug.
NounEdit
drug m (plural drugi)
DeclensionEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *drugъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
drȗg m (Cyrillic spelling дру̑г)
- (Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro) friend
- (dated) comrade (commonly used in parts of Former Yugoslavia among coworkers or friends)
- Synonym: drugar
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | drȗg | drȕgovi / drȗzi |
genitive | druga | drugova / druga |
dative | drugu | drugovima / druzima |
accusative | druga | drugove / druge |
vocative | drȗže | drugovi / druzi |
locative | drugu | drugovima / druzima |
instrumental | drugom | drugovima / druzima |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “drug” in Hrvatski jezični portal
SloveneEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
drȗg (not comparable)
InflectionEdit
Hard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | drúg | drúga | drúgo |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | drúg ind drúgi def |
drúga | drúgo |
genitive | drúgega | drúge | drúgega |
dative | drúgemu | drúgi | drúgemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
drúgo | drúgo |
locative | drúgem | drúgi | drúgem |
instrumental | drúgim | drúgo | drúgim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | drúga | drúgi | drúgi |
genitive | drúgih | drúgih | drúgih |
dative | drúgima | drúgima | drúgima |
accusative | drúga | drúgi | drúgi |
locative | drúgih | drúgih | drúgih |
instrumental | drúgima | drúgima | drúgima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | drúgi | drúge | drúga |
genitive | drúgih | drúgih | drúgih |
dative | drúgim | drúgim | drúgim |
accusative | drúge | drúge | drúga |
locative | drúgih | drúgih | drúgih |
instrumental | drúgimi | drúgimi | drúgimi |
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- “drug”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
WestrobothnianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse drjúgr, from Proto-Germanic *dreugaz.
AdjectiveEdit
drug (comparative drugänä, superlative drugest)