鋼

鋼 U+92FC, 鋼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-92FC ← 鋻 [U+92FB] CJK Unified Ideographs 鋽 → [U+92FD]

See also: 钢

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

鋼 (radical 167 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金月廿山 (CBTU), four-corner 8712₀, composition ⿰釒岡)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1309, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40509
• Dae Jaweon: page 1810, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4220, character 5
• Unihan data for U+92FC

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ChineseEdit

trad.		鋼
simp.		钢
alt. forms		鎠

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with 剛 (OC *klaːŋ, “hard; firm”).

Pronunciation 1Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong³, gong¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kong
• Min Dong (BUC): gáung
• Min Nan (POJ): kǹg / kòng / kong
• Wu (Wiktionary): kaan (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
    • Wade-Giles: kang¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gong³, gong¹
    • Yale: gong, gōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong³, gong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong³, gong¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³³/, /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kong
    • Hakka Romanization System: gong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gong⁴
    • IPA: /koŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáung
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑuŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǹg
    • Tâi-lô: kǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kngx
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kŋ̍²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kŋ̍¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kŋ̍²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòng
    • Tâi-lô: kòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
    • Tâi-lô: kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• kǹg - vernacular;
• kòng/kong - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: kaan (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑ̃⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɑŋ/, /kɑŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	鋼	鋼
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古郎切	古浪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/	/kaŋH/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng	gàng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*C.kˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/, /*klaːŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鋼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.kˤaŋ/
English	cast iron; steel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鋼	鋼
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3715	3719
Phonetic component	岡	岡
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡	鋼
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/	/*klaːŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

鋼

1. (chemistry) steel

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 鋼

• 不鏽鋼／不锈钢 (bùxiùgāng)
• 不鏽鋼板／不锈钢板
• 中碳鋼／中碳钢
• 九煉成鋼／九炼成钢
• 冷軋鋼板／冷轧钢板
• 合金鋼／合金钢
• 吊鋼絲／吊钢丝
• 土法煉鋼／土法炼钢
• 型鋼／型钢
• 塑鋼／塑钢
• 小鋼炮／小钢炮
• 小鋼珠／小钢珠
• 工具鋼／工具钢 (gōngjùgāng)
• 工字鋼／工字钢
• 彈簧鋼／弹簧钢
• 斬鋼截鐵／斩钢截铁
• 槽鋼／槽钢
• 殷鋼／殷钢
• 煉鋼／炼钢
• 煉鋼廠／炼钢厂
• 特種鋼／特种钢
• 玻璃鋼／玻璃钢 (bōlígāng)
• 百鍊之鋼／百炼之钢
• 百鍊成鋼／百炼成钢
• 百鍊鋼／百炼钢
• 矽鋼／矽钢
• 硬鋼／硬钢
• 硼鋼／硼钢
• 碳素鋼／碳素钢
• 碳鋼／碳钢 (tàngāng)

• 磁鋼／磁钢
• 角鋼／角钢
• 謄寫鋼版／誊写钢版
• 走鋼絲／走钢丝 (zǒugāngsī)
• 軋鋼／轧钢
• 軋鋼機／轧钢机
• 鉬鋼／钼钢
• 鉻鋼／铬钢
• 銦鋼／铟钢
• 鋼刀／钢刀
• 鋼剪／钢剪
• 鋼化玻璃／钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)
• 鋼印／钢印 (gāngyìn)
• 鋼叉／钢叉
• 鋼城／钢城
• 鋼婚／钢婚
• 鋼尺／钢尺
• 鋼材／钢材 (gāngcái)
• 鋼板／钢板
• 鋼架／钢架
• 鋼條／钢条
• 鋼水／钢水
• 鋼片琴／钢片琴 (gāngpiànqín)
• 鋼版／钢版
• 鋼牙／钢牙 (gāngyá)
• 鋼珠／钢珠
• 鋼琴／钢琴 (gāngqín)
• 鋼琴酒吧／钢琴酒吧
• 鋼盔／钢盔 (gāngkuī)
• 鋼砂／钢砂

• 鋼砧／钢砧
• 鋼種／钢种
• 鋼筆／钢笔 (gāngbǐ)
• 鋼筆畫／钢笔画
• 鋼筋／钢筋 (gāngjīn)
• 鋼管／钢管 (gāngguǎn)
• 鋼紙／钢纸
• 鋼索／钢索 (gāngsuǒ)
• 鋼絲／钢丝 (gāngsī)
• 鋼絲刷／钢丝刷
• 鋼絲鋸／钢丝锯
• 鋼纜／钢缆
• 鋼胚／钢胚
• 鋼軌／钢轨
• 鋼錠／钢锭
• 鋼鐵／钢铁 (gāngtiě)
• 鋼鐵工業／钢铁工业
• 鋼鑿／钢凿
• 鋼骨／钢骨
• 鋼骨水泥／钢骨水泥
• 錳鋼／锰钢
• 鍍鉻鋼／镀铬钢
• 鎢鋼／钨钢
• 鎳鋼／镍钢
• 鑄鋼／铸钢
• 高碳鋼／高碳钢
• 高速鋼／高速钢
• 點鋼槍／点钢枪
• 點鋼鍬／点钢锹

See alsoEdit

• 鐵／铁 (tiě, “iron”)

Pronunciation 2Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàng (gang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
    • Wade-Giles: kang⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gong³
    • Yale: gong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong³
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³³/

DefinitionsEdit

鋼

1. ^† hard; strong; tough
2. to sharpen; to whet; to strop

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 鋼

• 鋼刀布／钢刀布

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

鋼

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan’on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: はがね (hagane, 鋼, Jōyō)

Alternative formsEdit

Kanji in this term
鋼
はがね Grade: 6
kun'yomi

• 刃金

EtymologyEdit

刃 (ha, “blade”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”)

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) はがね [hàgáné] (Heiban - [0])
  • IPA^(key): [ha̠ɡa̠ne̞]

NounEdit

鋼 (hiragana はがね, rōmaji hagane)

1. steel (metal produced from iron)

   鋼 (はがね)のように硬 (かた)い。

   Hagane no yō ni katai.

   Hard as steel.

SynonymsEdit

• 鋼 (こう)鉄 (てつ) (kōtetsu)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

鋼 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune-Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

鋼 (cương, gang, cang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.