鋼

See also: 钢

Contents

TranslingualEdit

EtymologyEdit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs): semantic 金 ‎(“metal”) + phonetic 岡 ‎(OC *klaːŋ).

Han characterEdit

鋼 (radical 167 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金月廿山 (CBTU), four-corner 8712₀, composition ⿰釒岡)

1. steel
2. hard, strong, tough

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1309, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40509
• Dae Jaweon: page 1810, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4220, character 5
• Unihan data for U+92FC

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ChineseEdit

trad.		鋼
simp.		钢

Wikipedia ^zh

Alternative formsEdit

• 鎠

Pronunciation 1Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong³
• Min Dong (BUC): gáung
• Min Nan (POJ): kǹg / kong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
    • Wade-Giles: kang¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gong³
    • Yale: gong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong³
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáung
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔuŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǹg / kong
    • Tâi-lô: kǹg / kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kngx, kofng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kŋ̍¹¹/, /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kŋ̍²¹/, /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • Note: kǹg - vernacular, kong - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /kɑŋ/, /kɑŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	鋼	鋼
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古郎切	古浪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/	/kaŋH/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/	/kɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng	gàng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*C.kˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/, /*klaːŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鋼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.kˤaŋ/
English	cast iron; steel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鋼	鋼
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3715	3719
Phonetic component	岡	岡
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡	鋼
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/	/*klaːŋs/

NounEdit

鋼

1. steel

CompoundsEdit

• 鋼琴／钢琴 (gāngqín)
• 鋼筋／钢筋 (gāngjīn)

See alsoEdit

• 鐵／铁 (tiě, “iron”)

Pronunciation 2Edit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàng (gang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
    • Wade-Giles: kang⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gong¹
    • Yale: gōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

VerbEdit

鋼

1. to sharpen, to whet

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

鋼

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: こう (kō)
• Kan’on: こう (kō)
• Kun: はがね (hagane)

NounEdit

鋼 ‎(hiragana はがね, romaji hagane)

1. steel

   鋼 (はがね)のように硬 (かた)い。

   Hagane no yō ni katai.

   Hard as steel.

SynonymsEdit

• 鋼鉄 (こうてつ) ‎(kōtetsu)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

鋼 • ‎(gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune-Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

鋼 (cương, gang, cang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.