綱

See also: 纲

綱	U+7DB1, 綱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DB1

← 綰
[U+7DB0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

網 →
[U+7DB2]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

綱 (radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火月廿山 (VFBTU), four-corner 2792₀, composition ⿰糹岡)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 927, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27576
Dae Jaweon: page 1364, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3414, character 5
Unihan data for U+7DB1

ChineseEdit

trad.		綱
simp.		纲

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
鋼	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaːŋ): semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāng (gang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
  - Wade–Giles: kang¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong¹
  - Yale: gōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong / kang
  - Tâi-lô: kong / kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofng, kafng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/, /kaŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kaŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/, /kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /kɑŋ/

Rime
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kang ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁaŋ/
English	guiding rope of net
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綱
Reading #	1/1
No.	3716
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

綱

guiding principle
essential part, key part
program, outline
(taxonomy) class
(archaic) headrope, main rope of a fishing net

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

綱

Wikipedia ^ja

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
Kun: つな (tsuna, 綱, Jōyō)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
綱
つな Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Proto-Japonic *tuna.

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) つな [tsùnáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝna̠]

NounEdit

綱(つな) • (tsuna)

rope
tsuna; ceremonial sumo belt

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
綱
こう Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 綱 (MC kɑŋ). Compare Korean 강 (gang)

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

NounEdit

綱(こう) • (kō)

(Taxonomy) class

ReferencesEdit

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN