Appendix:Mandarin exonyms for Japanese placenames
This glossary shows how Japanese names are written and pronounced in Standard Mandarin (Standard Chinese). Chinese transcription is written in Hanyu Pinyin, Japanese transcription in rōmaji. Japanese spelling may not match neither simplified, nor traditional Chinese script, due to the introduction of shinjitai kanji, which replaced kyūjitai kanji in 1947.
The Mandarin script is given first followed by the Chinese transcription, then Japanese (with ruby hiragana above), along with the Japanese transcription. English exonyms in most cases match Japanese endonyms without macrons, which are placed on top of Japanese vowels to show long vowels — an important exception is the country name itself. If the Simplified Chinese name (if different from the traditional) is followed by a slash.
Prefectures preceed their capital cities, however if their names are both identical, only the prefecture will be listed.
Country and capital
edit東北地方 — 東北地方 (Tōhoku Chihō)
關東地方 — 関東地方 (Kantō Chihō)
- 東京/东京 (Dōngjīng) — 東京 (Tōkyō)
- 千葉/千叶 (Qiānyè) — 千葉 (Chiba)
- 群馬/群马 (Qúnmǎ) — 群馬 (Gunma); 前橋/前桥 (Qiánqiáo) — 前橋 (Maebashi)
- 茨城 (Cíchéng) — 茨城 (Ibaraki); 水戶/水户 (Shuǐhù) — 水戸 (Mito)
- 神奈川 (Shénnàichuān) — 神奈川 (Kanagawa); 橫濱/横滨 (Héngbīn) — 横浜 (Yokohama)
- 埼玉 (Qíyù) — 埼玉 (Saitama)
- 櫪木/枥木 (Lìmù) — 栃木 (Tochigi); 宇都宮/宇都宫 (Yǔdūgōng) — 宇都宮 (Utsunomiya)
中部地方 — 中部地方 (Chūbu Chihō)
- 愛知/爱知 (Àizhī) — 愛知 (Aichi); 名古屋 (Mínggǔwū) — 名古屋 (Nagoya)
- 福井 (Fújǐng) — 福井 (Fukui)
- 岐阜 (Qífù) — 岐阜 (Gifu)
- 石川 (Shíchuān) — 石川 (Ishikawa); 金澤/金泽 (Jīnzé) — 金沢 (Kanazawa)
- 長野/长野 (Chángyě) — 長野 (Nagano)
- 新潟 (Xīnxì) — 新潟 (Niigata)
- 靜岡/静冈 (Jìnggāng) — 静岡 (Shizuoka)
- 富山 (Fùshān) — 富山 (Toyama)
- 山梨 (Shānlí) — 山梨 (Yamanashi); 甲府 (Jiǎfǔ) — 甲府 (Kōfu)
關西地方 — 関西地方 (Kansai Chihō), also 近畿地方 — 近畿地方 (Kinki Chihō)
中國地方 — 中国地方 (Chūgoku Chihō), also 山陰山陽地方 — 山陰山陽地方 (San'in San'yō Chihō)
四國地方 — 四国地方 (Shikoku Chihō)
九州地方 — 九州地方 (Kyūshū Chihō)
Major islands
editThe famous mountain
edit- 富士山 (Fùshìshān) — 富士山 (Fujisan): Mount Fuji or Fujiyama (misnomer)
Terminology
edit- Japanese 県 (ken) prefecture (of Japan) ken; county (of China)
- Chinese 県 (Japanese version of 縣/县 (xiàn)) county; district; subdivision; ken
- Chinese 縣/县 (xiàn) ken (type of province in Japan)
- Chinese 府 (fǔ), Japanese 府 (fu) ken (type of province in Japan)
- Chinese 都 (dū), Japanese 都 (to) to (type of province in Japan — only of Tokyo)
- Chinese 道 (dào), Japanese 道 (dō) dō (type of province in Japan — only of Hokkaido)
- Chinese 地方 (dìfang), Japanese 地方 (chihō) area; region; zone — normally it is written as Chinese 地區/地区 (dìqū), Japanese 地区 (chiku)
- So, 中国地方 (Chūgoku Chihō) is normally written as 中国地区 (Chūgoku Chiku)
- Chinese 群島/群岛 (qúndǎo), Japanese 諸島 (shotō) archipelago