Appendix:Mandarin exonyms for Japanese placenames
This glossary shows how Japanese names are written and pronounced in Standard Mandarin (Standard Chinese). Chinese transcription is written in Hanyu Pinyin, Japanese transcription in rōmaji. Japanese spelling may not match neither simplified, nor traditional Chinese script, due to the introduction of shinjitai kanji, which replaced kyūjitai kanji in 1947.
The Mandarin script is given first followed by the Chinese transcription, then Japanese (with ruby hiragana above), along with the Japanese transcription. English exonyms in most cases match Japanese endonyms without macrons, which are placed on top of Japanese vowels to show long vowels — an important exception is the country name itself. If the Simplified Chinese name (if different from the traditional) is followed by a slash.
Prefectures preceed their capital cities, however if their names are both identical, only the prefecture will be listed.
Country and capital
edit- 東京/东京 (Dōngjīng) — 東京 (Tōkyō)
- 千葉/千叶 (Qiānyè) — 千葉 (Chiba)
- 群馬/群马 (Qúnmǎ) — 群馬 (Gunma); 前橋/前桥 (Qiánqiáo) — 前橋 (Maebashi)
- 茨城 (Cíchéng) — 茨城 (Ibaraki); 水戶/水户 (Shuǐhù) — 水戸 (Mito)
- 神奈川 (Shénnàichuān) — 神奈川 (Kanagawa); 橫濱/横滨 (Héngbīn) — 横浜 (Yokohama)
- 埼玉 (Qíyù) — 埼玉 (Saitama)
- 櫪木/枥木 (Lìmù) — 栃木 (Tochigi); 宇都宮/宇都宫 (Yǔdūgōng) — 宇都宮 (Utsunomiya)
- 愛知/爱知 (Àizhī) — 愛知 (Aichi); 名古屋 (Mínggǔwū) — 名古屋 (Nagoya)
- 福井 (Fújǐng) — 福井 (Fukui)
- 岐阜 (Qífù) — 岐阜 (Gifu)
- 石川 (Shíchuān) — 石川 (Ishikawa); 金澤/金泽 (Jīnzé) — 金沢 (Kanazawa)
- 長野/长野 (Chángyě) — 長野 (Nagano)
- 新潟 (Xīnxì) — 新潟 (Niigata)
- 靜岡/静冈 (Jìnggāng) — 静岡 (Shizuoka)
- 富山 (Fùshān) — 富山 (Toyama)
- 山梨 (Shānlí) — 山梨 (Yamanashi); 甲府 (Jiǎfǔ) — 甲府 (Kōfu)
中國地方 — 中国地方 (Chūgoku Chihō), also 山陰山陽地方 — 山陰山陽地方 (San'in San'yō Chihō)
Major islands
editThe famous mountain
edit- 富士山 (Fùshìshān) — 富士山 (Fujisan): Mount Fuji or Fujiyama (misnomer)
Terminology
edit- Japanese 県 (ken) prefecture (of Japan) ken; county (of China)
- Chinese 県 (Japanese version of 縣/县 (xiàn)) county; district; subdivision; ken
- Chinese 縣/县 (xiàn) ken (type of province in Japan)
- Chinese 府 (fǔ), Japanese 府 (fu) ken (type of province in Japan)
- Chinese 都 (dū), Japanese 都 (to) to (type of province in Japan — only of Tokyo)
- Chinese 道 (dào), Japanese 道 (dō) dō (type of province in Japan — only of Hokkaido)
- Chinese 地方 (dìfang), Japanese 地方 (chihō) area; region; zone — normally it is written as Chinese 地區/地区 (dìqū), Japanese 地区 (chiku)
- Chinese 群島/群岛 (qúndǎo), Japanese 諸島 (shotō) archipelago