Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьje

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the neuter form of *-ьjь (See Etymology 2), from *-ь +‎ *-jь.

Akin to deverbal suffixes *-nьje and *-tьje. However, comparison with other Indo-European languages indicates archaicity of denominal formations, which are most likely substantivized adjectives. Compare

• Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “dream”) → ἐνύπνιον (enúpnion, “dreaming”) = Common Slavic *sъnъ → *sъnьje
• Latin ōs, ōris (“mouth”) → ōstium (“estuary, river mouth”) = Common Slavic *usta → *ustьje

Suffix

*-ьje n

1. Denominal, forming collective nouns

   *ostrovъ (“island”) → *ostrovьje (“archipelago”)

   *jedla (“spruce, fir”) → *jedlьje (“fir forest”)

   *dǫbъ (“oak”) → *dǫbьje (“oaks”)

   *kamy, *kamene- (“stone”) → *kamenьje (“stones, rocks”)

2. Deverbal (from past participle), forming action nouns

   *dati → *datъ / *danъ → *datьje / *danьje

   (*obrětti >) *obrěsti → *obrětenъ → *obrětenьje

   *kovati → *kovanъ → *kovanьje

   *kъrmiti → *kъrmljenъ → *kъrmljenьje

   (*ostojěti >) *ostojati → *ostojanъ → *ostojanьje

3. Denominal, forming nouns denoting various concepts

   *usta (“mouth”) → *ustьje (“mouth”)

   *sъnъ (“sleep”) → *sъnьje (“dream”)

   *na- +‎ *rěčь (“speech”) → *narěčьje (“adverb”)

   *na- +‎ *sila (“force”) → *nasilьje (“violence”)

4. Structural formant, without a base noun to synchronically derive from

   *zna-mę, *zna-men- (“sign, signal, mark”) → *znamenьje (“signs, signals, marks”)

5. Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a property, state or condition

   *obilъ (“abundant”) → *obilьje (“abundance”)

   *sъdorvъ (“healthy”) → *sъdorvьje (“health”)

   *veselъ (“happy”) → *veselьje (“joy, happiness”)

6. Denominal, forming nouns denoting location or time

   *po- +‎ *rěka (“river”) → *porěčьje (“region near, along a river”)

   *za- +‎ *gora (“forest, mountain”) → *zagorьje (“region nearby a mountain”)

   *krajь- +‎ *bergъ (“coast”) → *krajьberžьje (“coastline”)

   *nadъ- +‎ *věsъ (“screen, curtain”) → *nadъvěsьje (“arch, dome, sth hanging over”)

   *bez- +‎ *vermę (“time”) → *bezvermьje (“timelessness”)

   *na- +‎ *večerъ (“eve”) → *navečerьje (“evening, time before dawn”)

Declension

Declension of *-ьje (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ьje	*-ьji	*-ьja
genitive	*-ьja	*-ьju	*-ьjь
dative	*-ьju	*-ьjema	*-ьjemъ
accusative	*-ьje	*-ьji	*-ьja
instrumental	*-ьjьmь, *-ьjemь*	*-ьjema	*-ьji
locative	*-ьji	*-ьju	*-ьjixъ
vocative	*-ьje	*-ьji	*-ьja

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

See also

• *-ja
• *-tva (from a-extension of supine)
• *-ьba, *-ьda
• *-ežь

Derived terms

• *-nьje (deverbal, with a *-n- suffix taken from past passive participle)
• *-tьje (deverbal, with a *-t- suffix taken from past passive participle)

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьje

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: -ие (-ie)
    • Belarusian: -е (-je), -а (-a)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: -а (-a), -я (-ja)
    • Russian: -ьё (-ʹjó), -ие (-ije), -ье (-ʹje)
    • Ukrainian: -я (-ja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: -ьѥ (-ĭje), -иѥ (-ije)

    Glagolitic: -ⱐⰵ (-ĭe), -ⰻⰵ (-ie)

    • Bulgarian: -е (-e), -ие (-ie), -ье (-je) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: -ие (-ie), -је (-je)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -је; allomorphic: -ће (<* -t-ьje), -шће (<* -st-ьje) -ње (< *-n-ьje), -ље (< *-l-ьje)

    Latin: -je; allomorphic: -će (<* -t-ьje), -šće (<* -st-ьje) -nje (< *-n-ьje), -lje (< *-l-ьje)

  • Slovene: -je
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: -ie
    • Czech: -í
  • Kashubian: -ié
  • Polish: -e, -ė, -ie
  • Slovak: -ie
  • Slovincian: -é

References

• Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎^[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 75f
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*datьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 196
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*danьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 188
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obrětenьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 81
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kovanьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 8
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrmjenьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 266
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2003), “*obstojanьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 30 (*obsojьnikъ – *obvedьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 63