-é

See also: é, -e, -è, and Appendix:Variations of "e"

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈe]

Suffix

-é (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ena, masculine plural -ens, feminine plural -enes)

1. (Valencia) Alternative spelling of -è

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French -é, from Old French -é, -et, -at, from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Compare the borrowed doublet -at.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/
• Homophones: -ée, -ées, -és, -er, hey, et

Suffix

-é (feminine -ée, masculine plural -és, feminine plural -ées)

1. (grammar) past participle root verb suffix of regular -er verbs, an inflected infinitive verb; -ed, -en, -n

Derived terms

French terms suffixed with -é

Etymology 2

Euphonic alteration of -e in presubject position.

Alternative forms

• -è (post-1990 spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

Suffix

-é

1. inflection of -er:
   1. presubject first-person singular present indicative
   2. presubject first-person singular present subjunctive

   pensé-je

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [eː]
• Rhymes: -eː

Etymology 1

From a split of the obsolete lative suffix (below), with a semantic shift presumably evolving like “towards him/her” > “to him/her” > “of his/hers”.

Suffix

-é

2. (non-attributive possessive suffix) -'s, belonging to ……, that of ……. Used to form the non-attributive possessive form of nouns. Compare the English pronouns mine, yours etc.). The plural form is -éi.

   iskola (“school”) ― iskoláé (“belonging to the school, of the school, the school's”)

   Ez a szék az iskoláé. (predicatively) ― This chair belongs to the school / is the school’s.

   ház (“house”) ― házé (“that of the house”)

   A fa árnyéka nagy, a házé még nagyobb. (as part of the subject) ― The shadow of the tree is big; that of the house is even bigger.

3. (non-attributive possessive suffix, slightly colloquial) -'s, those of ……. It is also used informally for the plural of the non-attributive possessive (-éi being somewhat pedantic).

   Ezek a poharak a Pistáé. ― These glasses belong to Steve / are Steve’s.

   • 2021, Zsuzsa Mátraházi, Nádasdy Ádám: Még Arany János is követett el hibát műfordításban (interview with Ádám Nádasdy), HVG weekly:^[1]

     Azt vetették a szememre, hogy a fordításaim értelmesek, szépek és jól követhetők, de kevésbé költőiek, mint az elődeimé, például Arany Jánosé, Babits Mihályé, Mészöly Dezsőé.

     I was rebuked for my translations being lucid, beautiful, and easy to follow, but less poetic than those of my predecessors, such as János Arany, Mihály Babits, and Dezső Mészöly (Q303494).

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Uralic *-j, which served as part of a diphthong (together with the vowel at the end of the noun stem) and became -á/-é.

Suffix

-é

1. (obsolete, case suffix) Used to form the lative, expressing the direction (“where to”) or the purpose (“what for”).

   Synonyms: (other obsolete suffixes that had a similar function) -k, -ni, -nyi

   • 1192–1195, Funeral Sermon and Prayer, translated by Alan Jenkins (In Quest of the Miracle Stag: The Poetry of Hungary, Vol. 1, →ISBN, p. 30)

     Menýi miloſtben terumteve eleve mív iſemucut adamut. eſ odutta vola neki paradiſumut haʒóá.

     Mennyi malasztban (= kegyelemben) teremté (= teremtette) kezdetben [az Úr] [a] mi ősünket, Ádámot, és adta (vala) neki [a] paradicsomot házzá. (in present-day Hungarian)

     God in his divine grace made Adam our ancestor, and gave him Eden for his dwelling place.

Usage notes

• (case suffix) Variants:

  -á was added to back-vowel words.

  -é was added to front-vowel words.

Derived terms

together with its front-vowel variant

• alá, fölé
• -ba／-be
• ha
• haza
• -hoz／-hez／-höz
• -i
• ide, oda
• -ig
• -ra／-re
• soká
• szerte
• tova
• többé
• -va／-ve
• -vá／-vé
• vissza

 

Etymology 3

Particle

-é (clitic)

1. (dialectal, chiefly Transylvania) Alternative form of -e (“whether, if”) Tag for yes/no questions, always written with a hyphen before.

   Nem tudom, hogy sikerül-é. ― I don't know if it will be successful.

Etymology 4

Suffix

-é

1. (archaic personal suffix) Formed the third-person singular indicative past definite, for front-vowel verbs. For the full paradigm, see the usage template.

   Synonym: (modern form) -te

   Coordinate term: (for back-vowel-verbs) -á

   A virágokat nézé. ― S/he looked at the flowers.

See also

• Usage template with its full paradigm

Etymology 5

See -e.

Alternative forms

• -i (dialectal, except in some set forms)

Suffix

-é

2. Combining form of -e (possessive suffix) before most case suffixes, except that of the essive-formal.

   ‎feje (“his/her/its head”) + ‎-n → ‎fején (“on his/her/its head”)

Usage notes

For its variants occurring in standard usage, see -i (alternative form of -e and -é as the third-person singular single-possession possessive suffix).

Further reading

• (whether, if): -é , redirecting to -e in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (whether, if): -é , redirecting to -e in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: -é

Suffix

-é (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

1. used with a stem to form the third-person past historic of regular -ere verbs

   Synonym: -ette

Navajo

Suffix

-é

1. (nominalizer) the one that, the one who

Usage notes

Similar to the -er suffix in English, the -é suffix attached to a verb means "the one who does [verb]". It is a variant of -í.

Synonyms

• -í

Old French

Alternative forms

• -e (manuscript form)
• -et (12th century or earlier)

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -ātus. First attested in 842, as -at (jurat in the Oaths of Strasbourg) > (first attested in c. 1050) -et in the Song of Roland; the form -é first appears in the 12th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/

Suffix

-é

1. used to form past participles of regular -er verbs

Descendants

• Middle French: -é
  • French: -é

Spanish

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin -āī, from Latin -āvī.

Suffix

-é

1. a suffix indicating the first-person singular indicative preterite of a verb in -ar