mir

See also: mir., miř, mír, mìr, miR, Mir, and MIR

English

Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “community, village commune; peace; world”).

Noun

mir (plural mirs)

1. (now historical) A traditional village community in Imperial Russia, charaterised by self-government and collectivist control of local lands. [from 19th c.]
   • 1878, Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Russia, volumes 1-3, page 179:

     [T]he constitution of the village […] was a subject which specially interested me, because I was aware that the Mir is the most peculiar of Russian institutions.

   • R. Van Bergen, The Story of Russia, page 190:

     The mir was the only means to prevent this, and mir meant serfdom under another name. The landowners disposed of their land, or of so much as was required to support the peasants, not to individuals but to the mir.

   • 2007, Tim Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory, Penguin, published 2008, page 169:

     Consisting of village elders elected by the male heads of household, the mir conducted almost all peasant business, fixing the dates for the agricultural year, deciding what, when and how crops should be grown, distributing plots of land on the open fields, collecting taxes and enforcing basic community discipline.

Anagrams

• IRM, MRI, RMI, rim

Alemannic German

Etymology

From Middle High German mir (“we”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mir/ ((stressed) IPA^(key): /mɪːr/; (unstressed) IPA^(key): /mər/)

Pronoun

mir

1. (personal) we
2. (personal) dative singular of ich: (to) me

Declension

Alemannic German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
1st person singular		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
2nd person singular	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
3rd person singular	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
	f	si		ire
	n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
1st person plural		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
2nd person plural		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
3rd person plural		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Bavarian

Pronoun

mir

1. Alternative spelling of mia (“me”, dative)
2. Alternative spelling of mia (“we”)

German

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /miːɐ̯/

• audio

  (file)

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːɐ̯

• (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /mɐ/, /mə/

Etymology 1

From Middle High German mir (“me”), from Old High German mir (“me”), from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognate with Old English mē (“me”). More at me.

Pronoun

mir

1. (personal) dative of ich: me, to me:

   Er gab es mir.

   He gave it to me.

Derived terms

• mirs (“it to me”)

Etymology 2

From Middle High German mir (“we”). The form originated through assimilation of wir with a preceding verb form and subsequent unetymological segmentation. This is possibly already an Old High German development, since a common Old High German ending of the 1st person plural was -em, thus bittēm wir → *bittē-mir (modern bitten wir (“ask we, do we ask”)). The contraction as such is definitely old, though the common form of assimilation, both in written Old High German and written Middle High German, is through loss of the nasal: bittē wir. The form with mir may either be a younger development in Middle High German, or a more colloquial form that only later appeared in writing. Older age is suggested by the great dominance of mir throughout modern dialects of High German. Compare Yiddish מיר‎ (mir), Luxembourgish mir. Compare also Old Norse mit (“we two”), Norwegian Nynorsk me (“we”).

Pronoun

mir

1. (dialectal or colloquial) Alternative form of wir (“we”)
   • 16th century / 1874, Alsfelder Passionsspiel mit Wörterbuch herausgegeben von C. W. M. Grein, p. 13 l. 458f. [note: the text also has mer for 1st person plural nominative]:

     Mir willen widder in die helle,
     Die armen sele siden und quellen.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

• The form is not common in those parts of northern Germany where Low German dialects have traditionally been spoken.

Further reading

• “mir” in Duden online
• “mir” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

German Low German

Alternative forms

• meer (some dialects)
• mehr (some dialects, including Münsterländisch)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miːæ̯/ (Mecklenburg, Pomerania)
• IPA^(key): /miːə̯/ (Holstein, Lower Saxony, northern Brandenburg)
• IPA^(key): /miːr/ (southern Brandenburg)

Adjective

mir

1. (Mecklenburgisch, Western Pomeranian, some Northern Low Saxon, parts of Brandenburg) comparative degree of vęl; more

Irish

Adjective

mir

1. inflection of mear:
   1. vocative/genitive masculine singular
   2. (archaic) dative feminine singular

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
mir	mhir	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Limburgish

Pronunciation

• (most dialects) IPA^(key): /mɪr/
• (Maastricht) IPA^(key): /mir/

Pronoun

mir

1. (personal, obsolete) dative singular of ich: me, to me

   Mir gaaf t'r 't. ― He gave it to me.

See also

• ich
• mich
• miener

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

• mer (unstressed)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miːr/, [miə̯], [ˈmiː.ɐ]

Etymology 1

From Middle High German mir.

Pronoun

mir

1. first-person singular, dative: me, to me

   Dat brauchs de mir net ze erklären.

   You don’t have to explain that to me.

Etymology 2

From Old High German wir through assimilation with a preceding verb ending (-n w- > -m-) and subsequent unetymological segmentation. See German mir (etymology 2) for the details. Compare also Luxembourgish dir (“you”), in which a similar development took place.

Pronoun

mir

1. first-person plural, nominative: we

   Mir hu véier Hausdéieren.

   We have four pets.

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [mʲirˠ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /mʲirˠ/
• Bender phonemes: {mir}

Adjective

mir

1. red, of reddish coconuts or the sky

Noun

mir

1. the color red, of reddish coconuts or the sky

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Meriam

Noun

mir

1. word
2. language

Middle English

Noun

mir

1. Alternative form of mirre

Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German mir (“me”), from Proto-West Germanic *miʀ, from Proto-Germanic *miz (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognate with Old English mē (“me”). More at me.

Pronoun

mir

1. me: dative singular of ich

Descendants

• Alemannic German: mir, mer
• Bavarian:

  Cimbrian: miar

  Mòcheno: mer

• Central Franconian:

  Hunsrik: meer, mer

• German: mir
• Luxembourgish: mir, meer
• Yiddish: מיר‎ (mir)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “peace, world”).

Noun

mir m (definite singular miren, indefinite plural mirer, definite plural mirene)

1. (historical) a mir

Anagrams

• rim

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowing from Russian мир (mir, “peace, world”).

Noun

mir m (definite singular miren, indefinite plural mirar, definite plural mirane)

1. (historical) a mir

Anagrams

• rim

Old High German

Pronoun

mir

1. dative singular of ih

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German mir. Compare German mir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /miːɐ̯/

Pronoun

mir

1. to me
2. we

Declension

Declension of mir

	Nominative	Accusative	Dative
1st - Singular	ich	mich	mir mer (unstressed)
2nd - Singular	du de (unstressed)	dich	dir der (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Masculine	er	ihn en (unstressed)	ihm em (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Feminine	sie se (unstressed)	sie se (unstressed)	ihre re (unstressed)
3rd - Singular Neuter	es	es	ihm em (unstressed)
1st - Plural	mir mer (unstressed)	uns	uns
2nd - Plural	dihr der (unstressed)	eich	eich
3rd - Plural	sie	sie	ihne ne (unstressed)
2nd - Polite	Sie	Sie	Ihne Ne (unstressed)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mir/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ir
• Syllabification: mir

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish mir, mier, from Proto-Slavic *mirъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás, from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s.

Noun

mir m inan

1. (dated) respect (admiration for a person or entity because of perceived merit)

   Synonyms: poważanie, szacunek

2. (dated) peace (absence of conflict, violence, or war)

   Synonyms: pokój, zgoda

3. (historical, law) special protection granted by a monarch to certain individuals or places
4. (historical) mir, obshchina (peasant village community as opposed to individual farmsteads, or khutors, in Imperial Russia)

   Synonym: obszczina

Declension

Declension of mir

	singular	plural
nominative	mir	miry
genitive	miru	mirów
dative	mirowi	mirom
accusative	mir	miry
instrumental	mirem	mirami
locative	mirze	mirach
vocative	mirze	miry

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mir f

1. genitive plural of mira

Further reading

• mir in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• mir in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “mir”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic мѵро (müro), from Ancient Greek μύρον (múron). Compare also Aromanian mir.

Noun

mir n (plural miruri)

1. chrism
2. unction
3. holy oil

Declension

Declension of mir

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) mir	mirul	(niște) miruri	mirurile
genitive/dative	(unui) mir	mirului	(unor) miruri	mirurilor
vocative	mirule		mirurilor

See also

• mire

Etymology 2

Verb

mir

1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of mira

Romansch

Etymology 1

From Latin mūrus.

Noun

mir m (plural mirs)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) exterior wall

Alternative forms

• meir (Surmiran)
• mür (Puter, Vallader)

Coordinate terms

• paraid

Etymology 2

Noun

mir f (plural mirs)

1. (Sutsilvan) Alternative form of mieur (“mouse”)

Derived terms

• miezmir-a-miezutschi (“bat”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás, from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mîːr/

Noun

mȋr m (Cyrillic spelling ми̑р)

1. peace

   Nobelova nagrada za mir ― Nobel peace prize

   centar grada je oaza mira i zelenila ― city center is an oasis of peace and greenery

   mirovna konferencija ― peace conference

   • 1996, United Nations, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Serbian”, in UDHR in Unicode‎^[1]:

     Pošto je priznavanje urođenog dostojanstva i jednakih i neotuđivih prava svih članova ljudske porodice temelj slobode, pravde i mira u svetu;

     Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

2. calm, tranquility

   ostavi me na miru! ― leave me alone!

   pusti me na miru! ― leave me alone!

Declension

Declension of mir

	singular	plural
nominative	mȋr	mírovi
genitive	mira	mirova
dative	miru	mirovima
accusative	mir	mirove
vocative	miru	mirovi
locative	miru	mirovima
instrumental	mirom	mirovima

Derived terms

• mirovina
• namiriti
• smiren
• uznemirivati

 

Slovene

Alternative forms

• mer (dialectal)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *mirъ (“peace; world”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /míːr/
• Rhymes: -ɪːr
• Hyphenation: mir
• Homophone: mer

Noun

mȋr m inan

1. peace (tranquility, quiet, harmony)

   Synonyms: tišina, gmah, mah, pokoj, spokoj, blaženi mir, idilični mir, mirnst, molk, nebeški mir, nemota, pokojnost, spokojnost, sveti mir

   Antonyms: hrup, hrum, hrušč, hrumot, hrupot, rumel, šunder, tumult, nemir, alarm, direndaj, nepokoj, spektakel, turbulenca, vihar, vihra

2. peace (state free of war)

   Synonym: mirnodobno stanje

   Antonym: vojno stanje

3. calmness, peace (a state free of oppressive and unpleasant thoughts and emotions)

   Synonyms: mirnost, umirjenost, mirnodušje, minodušnost, pokoj, pokojnost, ravnodušje, spokoj, spokojnost, stoičnost, zlati mir

   Antonyms: nemir, nemirnost, nepokoj, nepokojnost

   V njenih očeh je našel mir. ― He found peace in her eyes.

4. (literary) peace treaty

   Synonym: mirovna pogodba

Declension

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate), long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular (singularia tantum)
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mirȗ
	singular
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr
genitive rodȋlnik	mirȗ
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate), fixed accent (singularia tantum)
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mȋra
	singular
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr
genitive rodȋlnik	mȋra
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr

Interjection

mȋr

1. quiet, silent

   Synonyms: tiho, tišina

Derived terms

• biti mir
• blaženi mir
• Bog komu da večni mir
• božji mir
• da bo mir
• da bo mir pri hiši
• dati mir
• delati mir
• golob miru
• idilični mir
• ljubi mir
• mir besedi
• mir z vami
• mirováti
• mirīti
• mirȋləc
• mirȋtəlj
• mirọ̄vən
• mírən
• na miru
• nebeški mir
• nočni mir
• oaza miru
• obmirováti
• pipa miru
• počivati v miru
• pohod miru
• pomirjeválo
• pomirjeváti
• pomirīti
• pomirȋəv
• pomírjati
• posebni mir
• premȋrje
• pri miru
• separatni mir
• sveti mir
• še pes ima rad pri jedi mir
• umirīti
• umírjati
• umȋrjenost
• vestfalski mir
• vznemīriti
• vznemȋrjenost
• zlati mir

 

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *myrъ̏, from Latin mūrus. Cognates with German Mauer.^{[→Snoj, 2016]}

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /míːr/
• Rhymes: -ɪːr
• Hyphenation: mir
• Homophone: mer

Noun

mȋr m inan

1. (obsolete or chiefly western dialects) wall (a rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes)^{[→Snoj, 2016]}

   Synonyms: zid, zidišče

Declension

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix), fixed accent, special accent changes
nom. sing.	mȋr
gen. sing.	mȋra
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	mȋra	miróv	miróv
dative dajȃlnik	mȋru, mȋri	mirȏvoma, mirȏvama	mirȏvom, mirȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	mȋru, mȋri	mirȏvih	mirȏvih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	mȋrom	mirȏvoma, mirȏvama	mirȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	mȋr	mirȏva	mirȏvi

Derived terms

• mȋrje
• Mȋrje

 

See also

• sporazum
• tišina
• stena

Further reading

• “mir”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “mir”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

Spanish

Etymology

Initialism of médico interno residente m, médica interna residente f.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmiɾ/ [ˈmiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: mir

Noun

mir m or f by sense (plural mires)

1. (Spain) resident (physician in training)

Further reading

• “mir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Tolai

Alternative forms

• amir

Pronoun

mir

1. First-person exclusive dual pronoun: he/she and I, him/her and me

Declension

Tolai personal pronouns

	singular	dual	paucal	plural
1st person exclusive	iau	amir mir	amital mital	avet ave1
1st person inclusive	-	dor	datal	dat da1
2nd person	u	amur mur	amutal mutal	avat ava1
3rd person	ia i	dir di	dital	diat dia1
1) The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb.

Veps

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian мир (mir).

Noun

mir

1. world

Inflection

Inflection of mir (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	mir
genitive sing.	mirun
partitive sing.	mirud
partitive plur.	miruid
	singular	plural
nominative	mir	mirud
accusative	mirun	mirud
genitive	mirun	miruiden
partitive	mirud	miruid
essive-instructive	mirun	miruin
translative	miruks	miruikš
inessive	mirus	miruiš
elative	miruspäi	miruišpäi
illative	miruhu	miruihe
adessive	mirul	miruil
ablative	mirulpäi	miruilpäi
allative	mirule	miruile
abessive	miruta	miruita
comitative	mirunke	miruidenke
prolative	mirudme	miruidme
approximative I	mirunno	miruidenno
approximative II	mirunnoks	miruidennoks
egressive	mirunnopäi	miruidennopäi
terminative I	miruhusai	miruihesai
terminative II	mirulesai	miruilesai
terminative III	mirussai	—
additive I	miruhupäi	miruihepäi
additive II	mirulepäi	miruilepäi

Synonyms

• mail'm

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “мир, свет”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Zazaki

Etymology

A shortened form of *xamîr, related to Persian خمیر‎ (xamir).

Noun

mir

1. dough