Wiktionary

User:Victar/PIE ML-

< User:Victar

#ml

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*mel- (“to be weak, soft”)

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  • *mél-de-ti
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mládati[n 1]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Proto-Nuristani: [Term?] (“to become mushy, soft”)
        • Kmkt.ktv.S vulařʹe-
        • Kmkt.km.S ulʹařa-
    • *ml̥d-ú-s ~ *ml̥d-éw-s (“soft, mild, weak”)
    • *ml̥d-wó-s
  • *ml-éh₁ye-ti[ml 7]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mláHyati
    • Serbo-Croatian: mli̋tati (“to be lazy”)
    • *mlih₁-nó-s[ml 8]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Lithuanian: blīnis (“tired man”)
      • Proto-Celtic: *β̃līnos
        • Proto-Brythonic: *β̃lin (“weary, tired”)
    • *mlih₁-tó-s[n 3]
      • Proto-Anatolian:
        • Hittite: [script needed] (miliddu), [script needed] (maliddu)
        • Luwian: [script needed] (mlitu-)
      • Proto-Germanic: *blīþiz (“gentle, mild”)
    • *mlih₁-wó-s

Others

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  • *melh₃- (“to emerge”)
    • *mélh₃-dʰh₁e-ti
      • ⇒ *mélh₃dʰh₁- (reanalyzed root)
        • *mélh₃dʰh₁-ō ~ *ml̥h₃dʰh₁-nés[ml 10]
    • *ml̥h₃-sḱé-ti
      • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Proto-Tocharian: [Term?] (“escape”)
        • Tocharian A: [Term?] (mlusk-)
        • Tocharian B: [Term?] (mlutk-)
    • *ml̥h₃-sḱé-ti
      • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *melkʷ- ~ *mlekʷ- (“to hinder, damage, destroy”)
    • *mlékʷ-e-ti
      • Proto-Anatolian:
        • Hittite: [script needed] (ma-LI-IG-ku-un, “to be ill, damaged”)
    • *mlékʷ-eh₂
      • Proto-Hellenic: *blábā (< assimilation *blápā)
        • Ancient Greek: βλάβη f (blábē, “damage”)
    • *ml̥-né-kʷ-ti ~ *ml̥-n-kʷ-énti
    • *ml̥kʷ-yé-ti
    • *mlékʷ-eh₂
      • Proto-Hellenic: *blábā (< assimilation *blápā)
        • Ancient Greek: βλάβη f (blábē, “damage”)


References
  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*mraH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 274
  2. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 114, 145
  3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “896”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page μαλακός
  4. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “mališku-, milišku-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 549
  5. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “blati-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 78
  6. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “blato-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 77
  7. ^ Lua error in Module:quote at line 2600: |title= is an alias of |chapter=; cannot specify a value for both
  8. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 114, 145
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “mallos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages 214-215
  10. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European‎[1], Brill, page 110

#mr

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  • *mregʰ- (“to rain”)²
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: merguôt (“to rain softly, drizzle”)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: βρέχω (brékhō, “to wet, rain, drench”)

#wl

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  • *wel- (“to see”)
    • *wl-éy-ti (ey-aktionsart)
      • ⇒ *wléy-de-ti (de-present)
      • ⇒ *wlóy-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)
        • Proto-Germanic: *wlaitōną (“to look around, look for”)
      • ⇒ *wli-tó-s
        • Proto-Germanic: *wlitiz (“sight, appearance, face”)
    • *wl̥-tú-s (“appearance”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *wulþuz (“glory”) (really?)
      • Proto-Italic:
      • Proto-Tocharian:
        • Tocharian B: yel- (“to examine”)
  • *wel- (“to rotate, roll”)
    • *wl̥-néw-ti ~ *wl̥-nu-énti
  • *welh₃- (“to strike”)
    • *wl̥-né-h₃-ti ~ *wl̥-n-h₃-énti
    • Proto-Tocharian:
    • *wl̥H-éh₃-ti ~ *wl̥H-éh₃-n̥ti
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: έάλων (éálōn, “to overtake, catch; to come around”)
  • *welH- (“to be strong, have power”)
    • *wélH-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)
      • ⇒ *welHdʰh₁- (reanalyzed root)
        • *welHdʰh₁-
          • Proto-Hellenic:
    • *wl̥-né-H-ti ~ *wl̥-n-H-énti
      • Proto-Celtic:
    • *wl̥H-éh₁-ti ~ *wl̥H-éh₁-n̥ti


#wr

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  • *wreyt- (“to twist”)
    • *wréyt-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • *wréyt-ye-ti (ye-present)
    • *wreyt-eh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)
    • *writ-é-ti (thematic zero-grade root present)
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • *wróyt-os

Notes

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  1. ^ schwebeablaut
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*leh₁¹-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 400
  3. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*blīþ(j)az”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 49
  1. regressive distant assimilation:
    *d...g > g...g (OCS žegǫ ‘I burn’ (< *geg- < *degwith)
    *d...m > n...m (Lituation, ex. nãmas)
    *p...kʷ > *kʷ...*kʷ (Italo-Celtic, ex. Lat. quīnque, OIr. cóic (“five”))
    *m...*kʷ > *w...*kʷ
    *b...*n > *m...*n (Iranian, ex. sogd. 'mn'k(*amama-ka-) 'Apfelbaum')
    *#(C)n...N > (*)#l...N (CAnat./Hitt.)
    gʷ...h₃ > h₃...h₃ (CAnat./Hitt., *gweih3)
    *r...n > *n...n (tocharian n˜kante)
    *p...kʷ > *p...*p (Proto-Germanic *fimfi)
    *w - k" >*w - p, vgl. germ. *wulfa- ‘Wolf
  2. progressive distant assimilation:
    *ś...s > ś...ś (Sanskrit, ex. शश (śaśá))
    *š...k > š...ḫ (Hittite, ex. [Term?] (/⁠ishahru⁠/, “tear”))
  3. (Vedic, ex. -mant- ~ -vant-)
  4. distant dissimilation:
    *l...l > {*l...*r, *r...*l} (Italic)
  5. labial assimilation:
    *d⁽ʰ⁾ > *b /{R_, _R} (Italic, ex. Lat verbum, ruber, fābula, ūber)
    *g⁽ʰ⁾ > *k⁽ʰ⁾ > *x > *h > f /#_u (Italic, ex. Lat fundō)
  6. nasal assimilation of labials:
    w > m /{u, w}_ (Hittite)
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