corpus
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin corpus (“body”). Doublet of corpse, corps, and riff.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈkɔːpəs/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈkɔɹpəs/
Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)pəs
- Hyphenation: cor‧pus
NounEdit
corpus (plural corpora or corpuses or corpusses or (proscribed) corpi)
- A collection of writings, often on a specific topic, of a specific genre, from a specific demographic or a particular author, etc.
- Synonyms: collection, compilation, aggregation; see also Thesaurus:body
- 2011, Patrick Spedding; James Lambert, “Fanny Hill, Lord Fanny, and the Myth of Metonymy”, in Studies in Philology, volume 108, number 1, page 113:
- No one suggests that Browning intended to mean vagina when he wrote “owls and bats, / Cowls and twats,” because the context does not allow for it, nor does the greater context of the Browning corpus.
- (specifically, linguistics) Such a collection in form of an electronic database used for linguistic analyses.
- Synonyms: digital corpus, text corpus
- 2007, Mihail Mihailov; Hannu Tommola, “Compiling Parallel Text Corpora: Towards Automation of Routine Procedures”, in Wolfgang Teubert, editor, Text Corpora and Multilingual Lexicography (Benjamins Current Topics; 8), Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 60:
- Text corpora are being used in most current lexicographic projects. Applied linguistic research is another field where text corpora are welcome as an inexhaustible source of empirical information, a polygon for testing various linguistic tools – spell-checkers, OCRs, machine translation systems, NLP systems, etc.
- 2008, Anabel Borja, “Corpora for Translators in Spain. The CDJ-GITRAD Corpus and the GENITT Project.”, in Gunilla [M.] Anderman and Margaret Rogers, editors, Incorporating Corpora: The Linguist and the Translator, Clevedon, North Somerset: Multilingual Matters, →ISBN, page 248:
- Comparable corpora are made up of texts in different languages that may be related in various ways, but are not translations of each other. They may have nothing in common at all, or be on the same subject, of the same genre, or from the same chronological period, etc.
- 2013, “Introduction”, in Gerry Knowles, Briony Williams, and L[ita] Taylor, editors, A Corpus of Formal British English Speech: The Lancaster/IBM Spoken English Corpus, Abingdon, Oxon.; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 1:
- The Lancaster/IBM Spoken English Corpus began in September 1984 as part of a research project into the automatic assignment of intonation […] The original design of the corpus was determined by the need to provide data for research into speech synthesis. As a result, unlike most other corpora currently being used in the computational linguistics field, the SEC exists in several forms. […] However, whatever the original motivation for compiling a corpus, it quickly becomes an object of interest in its own right. New users find it valuable for applications for which it was not designed.
- 2014, Giuseppina Balossi, “Corpus Approaches to the Study of Language and Literature”, in A Corpus Linguistic Approach to Literary Language and Characterization: Virginia Woolf's The Waves (Linguistic Approaches to Literature; 18), Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 41:
- A corpus approach is a useful methodology for observing, describing and interpreting the stylistic features of language in literary and non-literary texts.
- 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide[1], page 4:
- Today, computer databases and corpora infinitely increase the ease of this type of research, but the collecting process remains essentially the same.
- (uncommon) A body, a collection.
- Synonyms: collection; see also Thesaurus:body
- 1998, Dimitǎr Draganov, “New Coin Types of Hadrianopolis”, in Ulrike Peter, editor, Stephanos Nomismatikos: Edith Schönert-Geiss zum 65. Geburtstag (Griechisches Münzwerk), Berlin: Akademie Verlag, →ISBN, page 221:
- About a hundred years ago in Germany, the publishing of corpuses of the ancient Greek coinages was started. […] The significance of those, and some other corpuses is exclusive, because they allowed an enormous amount of numismatic material kept in museum and private collections all over the world, to be studied and systematized.
- 2014, Margaret Darling; Barbara Precious, “Introduction”, in A Corpus of Roman Pottery from Lincoln (Lincoln Archaeological Studies; 6), Oxford: Oxbow Books, →ISBN, page 1:
- An assessment in 1991 proposed publication of the results of this work in three stages: […] secondly, a corpus of the Roman pottery to present the type series and to discuss the fabrics and forms recovered, […]
Usage notesEdit
- Of the plurals, corpora is the only common one.[1]
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See alsoEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ corpora,(corpuses*40),(corpusses*5000) at Google Ngram Viewer
Further readingEdit
- corpus at OneLook Dictionary Search
- “corpus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
- “corpus”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- “corpus”, in Collins English Dictionary.
AnagramsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin corpus. Doublet of cos.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
corpus m (plural corpus)
- corpus (a collection of writings)
Further readingEdit
- “corpus” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin corpus. Doublet of corps and korps.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
corpus n (plural corpora or corpussen, diminutive corpusje n)
Usage notesEdit
The word retained the original Latin neuter gender. It is one of the few Dutch words ending on -us that is not masculine.
Derived termsEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Unadapted borrowing from Latin corpus (“body”). Doublet of corps.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Lyon, France) (file)
Audio (Lausanne, Switzerland) (file)
NounEdit
corpus m (plural corpus)
- (linguistics) a corpus, a body of texts
Further readingEdit
- “corpus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Italic *korpos, from Proto-Indo-European *krépos (“body”), from the root *krep-. Equivalent to the Proto-Germanic neuter noun *hrefaz (“body, torso”), whence e.g. Old High German href, Old Dutch ref, Old English hrif (> English riff).
PronunciationEdit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkor.pus/, [ˈkɔrpʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkor.pus/, [ˈkɔrpus]
- Hyphenation: cor‧pus
NounEdit
corpus n (genitive corporis); third declension
- (anatomy) body, person (person when used to mean "human body", e.g., "on one's person")
- c. 65 AD, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, Epistula XCII
- Nemo liber est qui corpori servit.
- No one is free who is a slave to the body.
- Nemo liber est qui corpori servit.
- c. 65 AD, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, Epistula XCII
- substance, material (physical, perceptible to the senses)
- Synonym: rēs
- the flesh of an animal's body
- a corpse
- the trunk or shaft of something
- (figuratively) the wood under the bark of a tree
- (Medieval) a corpus (collection of writings by a single author or addressing a certain topic)
- (metonymically) person, individual
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 3.56:
- qui liberum corpus in servitutem addixisset
- who as a free person might have been sentenced to slavery
- qui liberum corpus in servitutem addixisset
- (metonymically) a frame, body, system, structure, community, corporation
DeclensionEdit
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | corpus | corpora |
Genitive | corporis | corporum |
Dative | corporī | corporibus |
Accusative | corpus | corpora |
Ablative | corpore | corporibus |
Vocative | corpus | corpora |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Eastern Romance:
- Megleno-Romanian: corp
- Franco-Provençal: côrp, côrps
- Old French: cors
- Gallo-Italic:
- Italo-Dalmatian
- Old Occitan: cors
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Sardinian: cólpus, corpus, cropus
- Venetian: corpo, corp
- West Iberian:
- Borrowings:
Further readingEdit
- “corpus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “corpus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- corpus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- corpus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi
- bodily strength: vires corporis or merely vires
- a good constitution: firma corporis constitutio or affectio
- sensual pleasure: voluptates (corporis)
- to refresh oneself, minister to one's bodily wants: corpus curare (cibo, vino, somno)
- to devote oneself body and soul to the good of the state: totum et animo et corpore in salutem rei publicae se conferre
- the free men are sold as slaves: libera corpora sub corona (hasta) veneunt (B. G. 3. 16. 4)
- wounds (scars) on the breast: vulnera adverso corpore accepta
- to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi
- “corpus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
AnagramsEdit
PortugueseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin corpus. Doublet of the inherited corpo.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
corpus m (plural corpora or corpus)
- (linguistics) corpus (collection of writings)
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin corpus. Doublet of corp.
NounEdit
corpus n (plural corpusuri)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) corpus | corpusul | (niște) corpusuri | corpusurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) corpus | corpusului | (unor) corpusuri | corpusurilor |
vocative | corpusule | corpusurilor |
SardinianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin corpus, from Proto-Italic *korpos, from Proto-Indo-European *krépos ~ *krépesos, derived from the root *krep- (“body”). Compare English riff.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
corpus m (plural corpos)
- (anatomy) body (physical structure of a human or animal)
- tènnere unu corpus atlèticu ― to have an athletic body
- body (fleshly or corporeal nature of a human)
- body (any physical object or material thing)
- Cale si siat corpus est sugetu a sa fortza de gravidade ― Any body is subject to gravitational force
- body, corpse
- body (organisation, company or other authoritative group)
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin corpus, possibly through the intermediate of English corpus, according to the RAE[1]. Doublet of the inherited cuerpo.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
corpus m (plural corpus)
- corpus (a collection of writings)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “corpus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Further readingEdit
- “corpus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014