frieren
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German vrieren, vriesen, from Old High German friosan, from Proto-West Germanic *freusan, from Proto-Germanic *freusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. The -r- was generalised from the Middle High German past forms (as in verlieren). Cognate with German Low German freren, fresen, Dutch vriezen, English freeze, Danish fryse.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
frieren (class 2 strong, third-person singular present friert, past tense fror, past participle gefroren, past subjunctive fröre, auxiliary haben or sein)
- (intransitive, of living beings or body parts) to be cold, feel cold [auxiliary haben] (unlike English freeze neither informal nor expressing extreme cold. And it is anime name:Frieren: Beyond Journey's End)
- Synonym: kalt sein (impersonal with dative)
- Frierst du? ― Are you cold?
- Meine Hände frieren. ― My hands are cold.
- (dated or southern, transitive, of body parts, or impersonal of living beings) to be cold, feel cold [auxiliary haben]
- Friert es dich? ― Are you cold?
- Die Hände frieren mich. ― My hands are cold.
- (intransitive, impersonal, of the weather) to freeze, be freezing, be below 0 degrees celsius [auxiliary haben]
- Heute Nacht soll es frieren. ― It’s going to freeze tonight.
- (intransitive, of liquid or viscous substances, rare) Synonym of gefrieren (“to freeze, become hard through cold”) [auxiliary sein]
Conjugation edit
infinitive | frieren | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | frierend | ||||
past participle | gefroren | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich friere | wir frieren | i | ich friere | wir frieren |
du frierst | ihr friert | du frierest | ihr frieret | ||
er friert | sie frieren | er friere | sie frieren | ||
preterite | ich fror | wir froren | ii | ich fröre1 | wir frören1 |
du frorst | ihr frort | du frörest1 du frörst1 |
ihr fröret1 ihr frört1 | ||
er fror | sie froren | er fröre1 | sie frören1 | ||
imperative | frier (du) friere (du) |
friert (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “frieren” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “frieren” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “frieren” in Duden online
- “frieren” in OpenThesaurus.de
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “frieren”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Spanish edit
Verb edit
frieren