hangzik
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
hang (“sound”, noun) + -zik (verb-forming suffix)
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
hangzik
- (intransitive) to sound
- Jól hangzik. ― It sounds good.
Usage notes edit
The stative types of the sense verbs feel, smell, and taste are uncommon in Hungarian (i.e., those expressing some sensory information conveyed, in contrast to the voluntary actions of using these senses or the involuntary perception). Instead, adjectival (-ú/-ű/-jú/-jű) and possessive (…-a/-e/-ja/-je van) constructions are used, and these are also applicable for sound. (The first two rows are for action verbs and perception verbs that behave similarly to English.)
| see / look | hear / sound | smell | taste | feel / touch | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action verb | (meg)néz | (meg)hallgat | (meg)szagol | (meg)kóstol, (literary) (meg)ízlel |
megfog, (meg)tapint, (meg)tapogat | |
| Perception verb | lát | hall | érez | |||
| Sta- tive |
verb | látszik, tűnik, kinéz, fest |
hangzik hallatszik |
(érződik or archaic érzik) affecting one: esik (jólesik / rosszulesik) | ||
| adjective | … kinézetű / külsejű (someone’s appearance) |
… hangú, … hangzású |
… szagú (bad/neutral) … illatú (pleasant) |
… ízű | … tapintású | |
| possessive | … kinézete / külseje van … a kinézete / külseje |
… hangja van … a hangja |
… szaga / illata van …a szaga / …az illata |
… íze van … az íze |
… tapintása van … a tapintása | |
Examples:
- Ez a torta citromízű. = Ennek a tortának citromíze van. ― This cake tastes of lemon.
- Ez az autó benzinszagú. = Ennek az autónak benzinszaga van. ― This car smells of petrol.
- Ez az étel finom illatú. = Ennek az ételnek finom illata van. = Ennek az ételnek finom az illata. ― This dish smells delicious.
- Ez a szövet selymes tapintású. = Ennek a szövetnek selymes tapintása van = …selymes a tapintása. ― This fabric feels silky.
On the other hand, certain verbs can express particular sensory impressions, e.g. illatozik (“to smell sweet, to be fragrant”) and bűzlik (“to stink, to reek”).
Conjugation edit
conjugation of hangzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hangzok | hangzol | hangzik | hangzunk | hangzotok | hangzanak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hangzottam | hangzottál | hangzott | hangzottunk | hangzottatok | hangzottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hangzani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hangzék | hangzál | hangza | hangzánk | hangzátok | hangzának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hangzik vala, hangzott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hangzandok | hangzandasz | hangzand | hangzandunk | hangzandotok | hangzandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hangzanék | hangzanál | hangzana | hangzanánk | hangzanátok | hangzanának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hangzott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hangozzak | hangozz or hangozzál |
hangozzon | hangozzunk | hangozzatok | hangozzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hangzott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | hangzani | hangzanom | hangzanod | hangzania | hangzanunk | hangzanotok | hangzaniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| hangzás | hangzó | hangzott | ― | hangozva (hangozván) | |||||
potential conjugation of hangzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hangozhatok | hangozhatsz | hangozhat | hangozhatunk | hangozhattok | hangozhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hangozhattam | hangozhattál | hangozhatott | hangozhattunk | hangozhattatok | hangozhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hangzhaték | hangzhatál | hangzhata | hangzhatánk | hangzhatátok | hangzhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hangozhat vala, hangozhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hangozhatandok or hangzandhatok |
hangozhatandasz or hangzandhatsz |
hangozhatand or hangzandhat |
hangozhatandunk or hangzandhatunk |
hangozhatandotok or hangzandhattok |
hangozhatandanak or hangzandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hangozhatnék | hangozhatnál | hangozhatna | hangozhatnánk | hangozhatnátok | hangozhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hangozhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hangozhassak | hangozhass or hangozhassál |
hangozhasson | hangozhassunk | hangozhassatok | hangozhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hangozhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (hangozhatni) | (hangozhatnom) | (hangozhatnod) | (hangozhatnia) | (hangozhatnunk) | (hangozhatnotok) | (hangozhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hangozhatva / hangozhatván) | ||||
or
conjugation of hangzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hangzom or hangzok |
hangzol | hangzik | hangzunk | hangoztok | hangoznak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hangoztam | hangoztál | hangzott | hangoztunk | hangoztatok | hangoztak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hangozni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hangzék or hangzám |
hangzál | hangza or hangzék |
hangzánk | hangzátok | hangzának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hangzik vala, hangzott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hangzandok (or hangzandom) |
hangzandasz (or hangzandol) |
hangzand (or hangzandik*) |
hangzandunk | hangzandotok | hangzandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hangoznék (or hangoznám) |
hangoznál | hangozna (or hangoznék*) |
hangoznánk | hangoznátok | hangoznának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hangzott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hangozzak or hangozzam |
hangozz or hangozzál |
hangozzon or hangozzék |
hangozzunk | hangozzatok | hangozzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hangzott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | hangozni | hangoznom | hangoznod | hangoznia | hangoznunk | hangoznotok | hangozniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| hangzás | hangzó | hangzott | ― | hangozva (hangozván) | |||||
potential conjugation of hangzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hangozhatok (or hangozhatom) |
hangozhatsz (or hangozhatol) |
hangozhat (or hangozhatik) |
hangozhatunk | hangozhattok | hangozhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hangozhattam | hangozhattál | hangozhatott | hangozhattunk | hangozhattatok | hangozhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hangozhaték or hangozhatám |
hangozhatál | hangozhata or hangozhaték |
hangozhatánk | hangozhatátok | hangozhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hangozhat vala, hangozhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hangozhatandok or hangzandhatok (or hangozhatandom or hangzandhatom) |
hangozhatandasz or hangzandhatsz (or hangozhatandol or hangzandhatol) |
hangozhatand or hangzandhat (or hangozhatandik or hangzandhatik*) |
hangozhatandunk or hangzandhatunk |
hangozhatandotok or hangzandhattok |
hangozhatandanak or hangzandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hangozhatnék (or hangozhatnám) |
hangozhatnál | hangozhatna (or hangozhatnék*) |
hangozhatnánk | hangozhatnátok | hangozhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hangozhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hangozhassak (or hangozhassam) |
hangozhass or hangozhassál |
hangozhasson (or hangozhassék) |
hangozhassunk | hangozhassatok | hangozhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hangozhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (hangozhatni) | (hangozhatnom) | (hangozhatnod) | (hangozhatnia) | (hangozhatnunk) | (hangozhatnotok) | (hangozhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hangozhatva / hangozhatván) | ||||
Derived terms edit
(With verbal prefixes):
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- hangzik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN