érzik
Hungarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editVerb
editérzik
- (intransitive, archaic) Alternative form of érződik (“to be (can be) felt, to be perceptible or noticeable”)
- 1930, Dezső Kosztolányi, “Good News”, in Jó hír[1]:
- s hajadban a csillagok illata érzik
- and the scent of stars can be felt in your hair
- 1931, Aladár Kuncz (Q584127), A fekete kolostor (“The Black Monastery”)
- Vigasztaló szavai ellenére is érzik rajta, hogy feje felett még sötétebb sors árnya borong.
- Despite his comforting words, he can be perceived to have the shade of an even darker fate looming above his head.
- 1958 January, Ágnes Nemes Nagy, Január[2]:
- Érzett az alvilági hő
- The underworldly heat could be felt
Usage notes
edit- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
- The stative types of the sense verbs feel, smell, and taste are uncommon in Hungarian (i.e., those expressing some sensory information conveyed, in contrast to the voluntary actions of using these senses or the involuntary perception). Instead, adjectival (-ú/-ű/-jú/-jű) and possessive (…-a/-e/-ja/-je van) constructions are used, and these are also applicable for sound. (The first two rows are for action verbs and perception verbs that behave similarly to English.)
| see / look | hear / sound | smell | taste | feel / touch | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action verb | (meg)néz | (meg)hallgat | (meg)szagol | (meg)kóstol, (literary) (meg)ízlel |
megfog, (meg)tapint, (meg)tapogat | |
| Perception verb | lát | hall | érez | |||
| Sta- tive |
verb | látszik, tűnik, kinéz, fest |
hangzik hallatszik |
(érződik or archaic érzik) affecting one: esik (jólesik / rosszulesik) | ||
| adjective | … kinézetű / külsejű (someone’s appearance) |
… hangú, … hangzású |
… szagú (bad/neutral) … illatú (pleasant) |
… ízű | … tapintású | |
| possessive | … kinézete / külseje van … a kinézete / külseje |
… hangja van … a hangja |
… szaga / illata van …a szaga / …az illata |
… íze van … az íze |
… tapintása van … a tapintása | |
Examples:
- Ez a torta citromízű. = Ennek a tortának citromíze van. ― This cake tastes of lemon.
- Ez az autó benzinszagú. = Ennek az autónak benzinszaga van. ― This car smells of petrol.
- Ez az étel finom illatú. = Ennek az ételnek finom illata van. = Ennek az ételnek finom az illata. ― This dish smells delicious.
- Ez a szövet selymes tapintású. = Ennek a szövetnek selymes tapintása van = …selymes a tapintása. ― This fabric feels silky.
On the other hand, certain verbs can express particular sensory impressions, e.g. illatozik (“to smell sweet, to be fragrant”) and bűzlik (“to stink, to reek”).
Conjugation
editIts infinitive may also be érezni,[1] coinciding with the infinitive of érez (“to feel”), just like the singular past-tense indicative form, the singular and plural subjunctive, and the nonfinite forms.
conjugation of érzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | only 3rd-person forms | érzik | only 3rd-person forms | érzenek | |||
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | ― | érzett | ― | érzettek | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. érzeni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ― | érze or érzék |
― | érzének | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. érzik vala, érzett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | ― | érzend (or érzendik) |
― | érzendenek | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | érzene (or érzenék) |
― | érzenének | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. érzett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | érezzen or érezzék |
― | érezzenek | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. érzett légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | érzeni | ― | érzenie | ― | érzeniük | ||||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| érzés | érző | érzett | ― | érezve (érezvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of érzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | only 3rd-person forms | érezhet (or érezhetik) |
only 3rd-person forms | érezhetnek | |||
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | ― | érezhetett | ― | érezhettek | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ― | érzhete or érzheték |
― | érzhetének | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. érezhet vala, érezhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | ― | érezhetend or érzandhat (or érezhetendik or érzandhatik) |
― | érezhetendenek or érzandhatnak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | érezhetne (or érezhetnék) |
― | érezhetnének | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. érezhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | érezhessen (or érezhessék) |
― | érezhessenek | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. érezhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (érezhetni) | ― | (érezhetnie) | ― | (érezhetniük) | ||||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (érezhetve / érezhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
edit(With verbal prefixes):
Etymology 2
editérez (“to feel”) + -ik (personal suffix)
Verb
editérzik
References
edit- ^ Tóth, Etelka, editor (2017), Magyar helyesírási szótár: A magyar helyesírás szabályai tizenkettedik kiadása szerint [Dictionary of Hungarian orthography: according to the 12th edition of the Rules of Hungarian orthography], Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, →ISBN. Online version
Further reading
edit- (to be felt): érzik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to be felt): érzik in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).