hardly

English

Etymology

From Middle English hardely, hardliche, from Old English heardlīċe (“boldly; hardily; without ease; in a way that causes pain; not easily; only by degrees”), equivalent to hard +‎ -ly. Compare Dutch hardelijk, German härtlich.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑːdli/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑɹdli/,

  Audio (US)

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Adverb

hardly (comparative hardlier or more hardly, superlative hardliest or most hardly)

1. (manner, obsolete) Firmly, vigorously, with strength or exertion.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, John Florio, transl., The Essayes, […], printed at London: By Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.148:

     Let him hardly be possest with an honest curiositie to search out the nature and causes of all things […].

2. (manner, archaic) Harshly, severely.

   I can't really deal hardly with people.

3. (now rare) With difficulty.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, John Florio, transl., The Essayes, […], printed at London: By Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     , Folio Society, 2006, vol.1, p.234:

     And what gentle flame soever doth warme the heart of young virgins, yet are they hardly drawne to leave and forgoe their mothers, to betake them to their husbands […].

   • 1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society 2010, page 40:

     While in Chelsea, Anne Smiley pined, taking very hardly to her unaccustomed role of wife abandoned.

4. (degree) Barely, only just, almost not.
   • 2011 November 3, David Ornstein, “Macc Tel-Aviv 1-2 Stoke”, in BBC Sport:

     With this the second of three games in seven days for Stoke, it was hardly surprising to see nine changes from the side that started against Newcastle in the Premier League on Monday.

   • 2013 July 6, “The rise of smart beta”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8843, page 68:

     Investors face a quandary. Cash offers a return of virtually zero in many developed countries; government-bond yields may have risen in recent weeks but they are still unattractive. Equities have suffered two big bear markets since 2000 and are wobbling again. It is hardly surprising that pension funds, insurers and endowments are searching for new sources of return.

   they hardly ever watch television;  I hardly think they'll come in this bad weather;  it's hardly possible he could lose the election.

Usage notes

In the sense "barely", it is grammatically a negative word. It therefore collocates with ever rather than never.

• Compare example sentence with I almost never watch television

Synonyms

• (barely, almost not or not quite): barely, just, only just, scarcely

Translations

harshly

• Czech: přísně
• French: dur (fr), durement (fr)
• Icelandic: af hörku, hakalega

• Portuguese: severamente (pt)
• Russian: ре́зко (ru) (rézko), жёстко (ru) (žóstko), суро́во (ru) (suróvo)

barely, only just

• Armenian: հազիվ (թե) (haziv (tʿe)), դժվարությամբ (džvarutʿyamb)
• Bulgarian: едва́м (bg) (edvám)
• Catalan: a penes
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 幾乎不, 几乎不 (jīhū bù)

• Czech: sotva (cs), stěží (cs)
• Danish: knap
• Dutch: nauwelijks (nl)
• Esperanto: apenaŭ (eo)
• Faroese: neyvan
• Finnish: tuskin (fi), töin tuskin, hädin tuskin (fi)
• French: guère (fr), à peine (fr)
• Friulian: please add this translation if you can
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: kaum (de)
• Greek:

  Ancient: μόλις (mólis)

• Hebrew: בקושי‎ (bekóshi)
• Hindi: थोड़े (thoṛe)
• Hungarian: alig (hu), aligha (hu), nemigen (hu), bajosan
• Icelandic: með naumindum (is), naumlega, ekki meira en svo, varla (is), tæplega, með erfiði, með fyrirhöfn
• Ido: apene (io)
• Interlingua: please add this translation if you can
• Irish: ní móide
• Italian: appena (it)
• Khmer: គើមៗ (kəəm-kəəm), ស្ទើរតែ (stǝǝ tae), តើកៗ (taək-taək)

• Kurdish:

  Sorani: ئاسته‌م‎ (ku) (astem), جارجار‎ (ku) (carcar)

• Latin: vix, haud (la)
• Lithuanian: vos (lt), vos vos
• Macedonian: одвај (odvaj), едвај (edvaj)
• Maori: pitoiti, pitoiptoiti
• Mongolian: арай (mn) (araj)
• Occitan: gaire (oc)
• Old English: unēaþe
• Old French: a paine
• Portuguese: quase não, mal (pt)
• Romanian: abia (ro)
• Russian: едва́ (ru) (jedvá), е́ле (ru) (jéle)
• Sardinian:

  Campidanese: appenas

  Logudorese: accalaítzu, azìgu, izu

• Sassarese: aìzu
• Scottish Gaelic: air èiginn
• Serbo-Croatian: jedva (sh)
• Spanish: apenas (es), a duras penas
• Swedish: knappast (sv), knappt (sv), näppeligen (sv)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: ле́две (uk) (lédve), навряд чи (navrjad čy)
• Vietnamese: please add this translation if you can
• Yiddish: קוים‎ (koym)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} quasi (it), ^{(please verify)} mica (it)
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} dūrē

• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} så vidt
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} tek (sh)

Interjection

hardly

1. Not really.

   I think the Beatles are a really overrated band. ― Hardly!