rau
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rau
- inflection of raure:
Dalmatian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.
Adjective edit
rau (feminine raja)
Fijian edit
Pronoun edit
rau
- they two, those two
See also edit
German edit
Alternative forms edit
- rauh (superseded)
Etymology edit
From Middle High German rūch, from Old High German rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. Though etymologically justified, the silent h was abolished in 1996 because rauh was the only word in which it was used after the diphthong -au-. Cognate with Dutch ruig and ruw, English rough (which see).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
rau (strong nominative masculine singular rauer, comparative rauer, superlative am rauesten or am rausten)
- rough
- 2010, Der Spiegel[1], number 26/2010, page 125:
- Tiere, die in rauem Klima leben, sind oft klüger als ihre Artgenossen aus gemäßigten Breiten, das legen verschiedene Studien nahe.
- Several studies suggest that animals which live in rough climates are often smarter than members of the same species from moderate latitudes.
Usage notes edit
- The spelling rau has been the prescribed spelling since the German spelling reform of 1996 (the Rechtschreibreform). In the affected areas, the previous spelling (rauh) is now less common, and may be regarded as a misspelling.
Declension edit
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist rau | sie ist rau | es ist rau | sie sind rau | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | rauer | raue | raues | raue |
genitive | rauen | rauer | rauen | rauer | |
dative | rauem | rauer | rauem | rauen | |
accusative | rauen | raue | raues | raue | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der raue | die raue | das raue | die rauen |
genitive | des rauen | der rauen | des rauen | der rauen | |
dative | dem rauen | der rauen | dem rauen | den rauen | |
accusative | den rauen | die raue | das raue | die rauen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein rauer | eine raue | ein raues | (keine) rauen |
genitive | eines rauen | einer rauen | eines rauen | (keiner) rauen | |
dative | einem rauen | einer rauen | einem rauen | (keinen) rauen | |
accusative | einen rauen | eine raue | ein raues | (keine) rauen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist rauer | sie ist rauer | es ist rauer | sie sind rauer | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | rauerer | rauere | raueres | rauere |
genitive | raueren | rauerer | raueren | rauerer | |
dative | rauerem | rauerer | rauerem | raueren | |
accusative | raueren | rauere | raueres | rauere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der rauere | die rauere | das rauere | die raueren |
genitive | des raueren | der raueren | des raueren | der raueren | |
dative | dem raueren | der raueren | dem raueren | den raueren | |
accusative | den raueren | die rauere | das rauere | die raueren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein rauerer | eine rauere | ein raueres | (keine) raueren |
genitive | eines raueren | einer raueren | eines raueren | (keiner) raueren | |
dative | einem raueren | einer raueren | einem raueren | (keinen) raueren | |
accusative | einen raueren | eine rauere | ein raueres | (keine) raueren |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Hunsrik edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
rau
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Luxembourgish edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German rūhe, from Old High German rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz. Cognate with German rau, Dutch ruig, English rough, West Frisian rûch.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
rau (masculine rauen, neuter raut, comparative méi rau, superlative am rausten)
- rough
- D'Schuel vun dësem Bam ass ganz rau. ― The bark of this tree is very rough.
- raw, harsh
- D'Antarktis huet e raue Klima. ― Antarctica has a harsh climate.
- hoarse, husky
- Si huet eng rau Stëmm. ― She has a husky voice.
- boorish, uncouth, rough
- Wat e raue Mann! ― What a boorish man!
Declension edit
number and gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | hien ass rau | si ass rau | et ass rau | si si(nn) rau | |
nominative / accusative |
attributive and/or after determiner | rauen | rau | raut | rau |
independent without determiner | raues | rauer | |||
dative | after any declined word | rauen | rauer | rauen | rauen |
as first declined word | rauem | rauem |
References edit
- rau in the Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire
Maori edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Polynesian *rau, from Proto-Oceanic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun (“leaf”) (compare Malay daun).
Noun edit
rau
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatus, from Proto-Austronesian *ɣatus (“hundred”) (compare Malay ratus).
Numeral edit
rau
References edit
Middle English edit
Adjective edit
rau
- Alternative form of raw
Mo edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.
Noun edit
rau
References edit
- George W. Grace, Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, in Oceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)
Mori Bawah edit
Verb edit
rau
References edit
- The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar (2013, →ISBN, page 695-6
Rapa Nui edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Polynesian *rau, from Proto-Oceanic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.
Noun edit
rau
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatus, Proto-Austronesian *ɣatus. (compare Malay ratus, Maori rau)
Numeral edit
rau
Synonyms edit
Sobei edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun.
Noun edit
rau
References edit
- George W. Grace, Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, in Oceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)
Ternate edit
Etymology edit
Likely from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun; compare Malay daun, Sobei rau. Furthermore, Holton and Klamer reconstruct Proto-North Halmahera *soka (“leaf”), which this does not continue.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rau (Jawi راوو)
Alternative forms edit
References edit
- Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Vietnamese edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Vietic *-raw.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
See also edit
White Hmong edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *kruk (“six”), of Sino-Tibetan origin. Cognate with Iu Mien juqv.[1]
< 5 | 6 | 7 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : rau | ||
Numeral edit
rau
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Hmong *tru̯eiᶜ (“hoof, claw, nail”), probably borrowed from Middle Chinese 蹢 (MC drjek|tek, “hoof”).[1][2]
Noun edit
rau (classifier: tus)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Hmong *trɔᶜ (“to put on, wear (shoes)”), probably borrowed from Old Chinese 著 (OC *taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ, “to put on, wear, place, apply”).[1][2]
Verb edit
rau
- to place, to put
- Rau qhov no. ― Put it here.
- Yuav muab rau qhov twg? ― Where shall I put it?
- Muab rau rau hauv. ― Put it inside.
- to put on or wear (shoes, etc.), to put in place
- Kuv rau khau. ― I put on shoes.
- Nws rau tshuaj. ― He applies medicine.
- to season, to add ingredients
- Nws rau txuj lom rau cov nqaij. ― She adds ingredients to the meat.
Derived terms edit
- rau siab (“to apply oneself, persevere”)
Etymology 4 edit
Preposition edit
rau
- toward, to, in, on, at
- Pub rau kuv. ― Give it to me.
- Kuv hais rau koj. ― I speak to you.
- Muab cov nqaij tso rau hauv tub yees. ― Put the meat in the freezer.
- Muab phau ntawv cia rau saum rooj. ― Put the book on the table.
- Nws taw rau daim paib. ― He points at the sign.
References edit
- Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary[2], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 275.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 282.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20101031002604/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25