Wiktionary

hart

See also: Hart, HART, and hårt

English edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).

cognates

Compare Welsh carw (“deer”), Latin cervus (“deer”), cervīx (“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”), Russian коро́ва (koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή (koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω (korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 (srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ (śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.

Noun edit

hart (plural harts)

  1. A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit

Etymology 2 edit

See heart.

Noun edit

hart (plural harts)

  1. Obsolete spelling of heart

Anagrams edit

Afrikaans edit

Etymology edit

From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hart (plural harte)

  1. heart

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Noun edit

hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

  1. heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body:
  2. The center point or zone of an object, image etc.
  3. The core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
  4. Compassionate or similar feelings
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Afrikaans: hart
  • Negerhollands: hert, hart, hat
  • → Sranan Tongo: ati

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

  1. (Northern) Archaic form of hert (“deer”).

Faroese edit

Etymology edit

See harður (“hard, loud”)

Adjective edit

hart (neuter of harður)

  1. hard
  2. loud

French edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Middle French hart, from Old French hart, hard, a borrowing from Frankish *heʀdā.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hart f (plural harts)

  1. (archaic) cord, rope; halter (hangman's rope)

Further reading edit

German edit

Etymology edit

From Middle High German hart, Old High German hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kortús (“strong; powerful”). Cognate with Low German hard, hart, Dutch hard, English hard, Danish hård.

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

hart (strong nominative masculine singular harter, comparative härter, superlative am härtesten)

  1. hard
  2. severe, harsh
    • 1981, “Polizisten”, performed by Extrabreit:
      Sie rauchen "Milde Sorte" / Weil–das Leben ist doch hart genug
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2012 May 2, Die Welt, page 10:
      Die harten Einschnitte zum Schuldenabbau standen in vielen EU-Ländern im Zentrum der Kritik der Demonstranten.
      The severe cuts for the reduction of debt were in many EU countries at the center of criticism by the protesters.
  3. (figurative) unmoved, cold, cruel
    • 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 528:
      Seit vier Jahren hier oben, war die Mittellose von harten Verwandten abhängig, die sie schon einmal, da sie doch sterben müsse, von hier fortgenommen und nur auf Einspruch des Hofrats wieder heraufgeschickt hatten.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension edit

Positive forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist hart sie ist hart es ist hart sie sind hart
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative harter harte hartes harte
genitive harten harter harten harter
dative hartem harter hartem harten
accusative harten harte hartes harte
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der harte die harte das harte die harten
genitive des harten der harten des harten der harten
dative dem harten der harten dem harten den harten
accusative den harten die harte das harte die harten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein harter eine harte ein hartes (keine) harten
genitive eines harten einer harten eines harten (keiner) harten
dative einem harten einer harten einem harten (keinen) harten
accusative einen harten eine harte ein hartes (keine) harten
Comparative forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist härter sie ist härter es ist härter sie sind härter
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative härterer härtere härteres härtere
genitive härteren härterer härteren härterer
dative härterem härterer härterem härteren
accusative härteren härtere härteres härtere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der härtere die härtere das härtere die härteren
genitive des härteren der härteren des härteren der härteren
dative dem härteren der härteren dem härteren den härteren
accusative den härteren die härtere das härtere die härteren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein härterer eine härtere ein härteres (keine) härteren
genitive eines härteren einer härteren eines härteren (keiner) härteren
dative einem härteren einer härteren einem härteren (keinen) härteren
accusative einen härteren eine härtere ein härteres (keine) härteren
Superlative forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am härtesten sie ist am härtesten es ist am härtesten sie sind am härtesten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative härtester härteste härtestes härteste
genitive härtesten härtester härtesten härtester
dative härtestem härtester härtestem härtesten
accusative härtesten härteste härtestes härteste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der härteste die härteste das härteste die härtesten
genitive des härtesten der härtesten des härtesten der härtesten
dative dem härtesten der härtesten dem härtesten den härtesten
accusative den härtesten die härteste das härteste die härtesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein härtester eine härteste ein härtestes (keine) härtesten
genitive eines härtesten einer härtesten eines härtesten (keiner) härtesten
dative einem härtesten einer härtesten einem härtesten (keinen) härtesten
accusative einen härtesten eine härteste ein härtestes (keine) härtesten

Derived terms edit

Adverb edit

hart

  1. hard (with force or effort)
    Sie haben die ganze Woche hart gearbeitet.
    They worked hard all week.
  2. sharply, roughly, severely
  3. close (an (+ dative) to)

Further reading edit

  • “hart” in Duden online
  • “hart” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Icelandic edit

Adjective edit

hart

  1. neuter nominative/accusative of harður

Irish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from English heart.

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

hart m (genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)

  1. (card games) heart
Declension edit
Declension of hart

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative hart hairt
Vocative a hairt a harta
Genitive hairt hart
Dative hart hairt

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an hart na hairt
Genitive an hairt na hart
Dative leis an hart

don hart

leis na hairt

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun edit

hart

  1. h-prothesized form of art

References edit

Middle Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Old Dutch hart.

Adjective edit

hart

  1. hard (not soft)
  2. solid, sturdy
  3. hard, harsh, cruel

Inflection edit

Adjective
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative Indefinite hart harde hart harde
Definite harde harde
Accusative Indefinite harden harde hart harde
Definite harde
Genitive harts harder harts harder
Dative harden harder harden harden

Descendants edit

Further reading edit

North Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Frisian herte, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā. Cognates include West Frisian hert.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hart n (plural harten)

  1. (Mooring and Föhr-Amrum dialects) heart
    At hart klopet/böget.
    My heart is beating.

Old Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).

Adjective edit

hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)

  1. hard

Inflection edit

Declension of hart
Strong declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative hart harde hart harde hart hardu
accusative hardan harde hart harde harda hardu
genitive hardis hardro hardis hardro hardro hardrō
dative hardon hardon hardon hardon hardro hardon
Weak declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative hardo hardu harda hardu harda hardu
accusative hardin hardin harda hardin hardin hardin
genitive hardin hardno hardin hardno hardin hardno
dative hardin hardon hardin hardon hardin hardon


Descendants edit

Further reading edit

  • “hart (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old English heard, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).

Adjective edit

hart

  1. hard

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Old Norse edit

Adjective edit

hart

  1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of harðr

Polish edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from German Härte, from Old High German hartī.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hart m inan

  1. strength, resilience, fortitude

Declension edit

Declension of hart
singular
nominative hart
genitive hartu
dative hartowi
accusative hart
instrumental hartem
locative harcie
vocative harcie

Derived terms edit

adjective
verb

Further reading edit

  • hart in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • hart in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swedish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Swedish hart, from Old Swedish harþer, from Old Norse harðr. Doublet of hård.

Adverb edit

hart (not comparable)

  1. Only used in hart när

References edit

West Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Frisian hert, from Proto-West Germanic *herut.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartsje)

  1. deer

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • “hart (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yola edit

Noun edit

hart

  1. Alternative form of hearth
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
      Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
      Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;

References edit

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 88
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=hart&oldid=78472705"