hart
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /hɑːt/
- (General American) IPA(key): /hɑɹt/
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t
- Homophone: heart
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).
Compare Welsh carw (“deer”), Latin cervus (“deer”), cervīx (“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”), Russian коро́ва (koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή (koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω (korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 (srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ (śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.
Noun edit
hart (plural harts)
- A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, (please specify the page):
- With milke-white Hartes vpon an Iuorie ſled,
Thou ſhalt be drawen amidſt the froſen Pooles,
And ſcale the yſie mountaines lofty tops:
Which with thy beautie will be soone reſolu’d.
- 1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 13 p. 213:
- She Huntresse-like the Hart pursues;
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- hind (the female)
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
See heart.
Noun edit
hart (plural harts)
- Obsolete spelling of heart
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:, scene i:
- For this reliefe much thanks, tis bitter cold, and I am ſick at hart.
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
hart (plural harte)
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.
Noun edit
hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)
- heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body:
- The center point or zone of an object, image etc.
- The core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
- Compassionate or similar feelings
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
See harður (“hard, loud”)
Adjective edit
hart (neuter of harður)
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French hart, from Old French hart, hard, a borrowing from Frankish *heʀdā.
Pronunciation edit
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /aʁ/, /aʁt/
Audio (file)
Noun edit
hart f (plural harts)
Further reading edit
- “hart”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German hart, Old High German hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European kortús (“strong; powerful”). Cognate with Low German hard, hart, Dutch hard, English hard, Danish hård.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /hart/, [haʁt], [haɐ̯t], [haːt]
audio (file) audio (file) audio (Austria) (file) - Homophones: harrt (general), haart (some speakers)
Adjective edit
hart (strong nominative masculine singular harter, comparative härter, superlative am härtesten)
- hard
- severe, harsh
- 1981, “Polizisten”, performed by Extrabreit:
- Sie rauchen "Milde Sorte" / Weil–das Leben ist doch hart genug
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2012 May 2, Die Welt, page 10:
- Die harten Einschnitte zum Schuldenabbau standen in vielen EU-Ländern im Zentrum der Kritik der Demonstranten.
- The severe cuts for the reduction of debt were in many EU countries at the center of criticism by the protesters.
- (figurative) unmoved, cold, cruel
- 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 528:
- Seit vier Jahren hier oben, war die Mittellose von harten Verwandten abhängig, die sie schon einmal, da sie doch sterben müsse, von hier fortgenommen und nur auf Einspruch des Hofrats wieder heraufgeschickt hatten.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension edit
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist hart | sie ist hart | es ist hart | sie sind hart | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | harter | harte | hartes | harte |
| genitive | harten | harter | harten | harter | |
| dative | hartem | harter | hartem | harten | |
| accusative | harten | harte | hartes | harte | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der harte | die harte | das harte | die harten |
| genitive | des harten | der harten | des harten | der harten | |
| dative | dem harten | der harten | dem harten | den harten | |
| accusative | den harten | die harte | das harte | die harten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein harter | eine harte | ein hartes | (keine) harten |
| genitive | eines harten | einer harten | eines harten | (keiner) harten | |
| dative | einem harten | einer harten | einem harten | (keinen) harten | |
| accusative | einen harten | eine harte | ein hartes | (keine) harten | |
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist härter | sie ist härter | es ist härter | sie sind härter | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | härterer | härtere | härteres | härtere |
| genitive | härteren | härterer | härteren | härterer | |
| dative | härterem | härterer | härterem | härteren | |
| accusative | härteren | härtere | härteres | härtere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der härtere | die härtere | das härtere | die härteren |
| genitive | des härteren | der härteren | des härteren | der härteren | |
| dative | dem härteren | der härteren | dem härteren | den härteren | |
| accusative | den härteren | die härtere | das härtere | die härteren | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein härterer | eine härtere | ein härteres | (keine) härteren |
| genitive | eines härteren | einer härteren | eines härteren | (keiner) härteren | |
| dative | einem härteren | einer härteren | einem härteren | (keinen) härteren | |
| accusative | einen härteren | eine härtere | ein härteres | (keine) härteren | |
Derived terms edit
Adverb edit
hart
- hard (with force or effort)
- Sie haben die ganze Woche hart gearbeitet.
- They worked hard all week.
- sharply, roughly, severely
- close (an (+ dative) to)
Further reading edit
Icelandic edit
Adjective edit
hart
Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
hart m (genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
hart
- h-prothesized form of art
References edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “hart”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Adjective edit
hart
Inflection edit
| Adjective | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | ||
| Nominative | Indefinite | hart | harde | hart | harde |
| Definite | harde | harde | |||
| Accusative | Indefinite | harden | harde | hart | harde |
| Definite | harde | ||||
| Genitive | harts | harder | harts | harder | |
| Dative | harden | harder | harden | harden | |
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “hart”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “hart (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
North Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian herte, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā. Cognates include West Frisian hert.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hart n (plural harten)
- (Mooring and Föhr-Amrum dialects) heart
- At hart klopet/böget.
- My heart is beating.
Old Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).
Adjective edit
hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)
Inflection edit
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | hart | harde | hart | harde | hart | hardu |
| accusative | hardan | harde | hart | harde | harda | hardu |
| genitive | hardis | hardro | hardis | hardro | hardro | hardrō |
| dative | hardon | hardon | hardon | hardon | hardro | hardon |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | hardo | hardu | harda | hardu | harda | hardu |
| accusative | hardin | hardin | harda | hardin | hardin | hardin |
| genitive | hardin | hardno | hardin | hardno | hardin | hardno |
| dative | hardin | hardon | hardin | hardon | hardin | hardon |
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “hart (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old English heard, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).
Adjective edit
hart
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Old Norse edit
Adjective edit
hart
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German Härte, from Old High German hartī.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hart m inan
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish hart, from Old Swedish harþer, from Old Norse harðr. Doublet of hård.
Adverb edit
hart (not comparable)
- Only used in hart när
References edit
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian hert, from Proto-West Germanic *herut.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartsje)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “hart (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Yola edit
Noun edit
hart
- Alternative form of hearth
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10:
- Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
- Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;
References edit
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 88