Wiktionary

dur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dur"
Languages (22)
English
Aragonese • Azerbaijani • Catalan • Czech • Dalmatian • Danish • Franco-Provençal • French • Interlingua • Kalasha • Latvian • Lombard • Occitan • Polish • Romani • Romanian • Slovak • Sursurunga • Swedish • Turkish • Welsh
Page categories

English

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Etymology 1

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From German Dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard, firm, vigorous”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dur (not comparable)

  1. (music, obsolete) Major; in the major mode.
    C dur

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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dur

  1. Alternative form of duh (“indicating stupidity etc.”)
    • 2015, Liberty Kratz-Gullickson, Write Like a Girl, page 29:
      "Well, dur. I'm not that stupid, I knew that."

See also

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Etymology 3

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Noun

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dur (plural dur or durs)

  1. (Belize, slang) A marijuana dealer.
    • 2023 June 13, Jules Vasquez, “Who Put Marybeth's Fraudulent Approval on Chester's Desk?”, in 7 News Belize‎[2]:
      He began to tell me that Marybeth is accused or it is alleged she is one of the dur in Crooked Tree.

Anagrams

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Aragonese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Akin to Catalan dur, from Latin dūrus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dur (plural durs)

  1. hard

References

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  • “duro”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Azerbaijani

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian دور (dūr).

Adjective

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Other scripts
Cyrillic дур
Abjad دور

dur (comparative daha dur, superlative ən dur)

  1. (Classical Azerbaijani) far

Further reading

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  • “dur” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Latin dūrus.

Adjective

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dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

  1. hard (resistant to pressure)
    Antonym: tou
  2. difficult
    Synonym: difícil
    Antonym: fàcil
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Latin dūcere, from Proto-Italic *doukō, from Proto-Indo-European *déwketi, from the root *dewk-.

Verb

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dur (first-person singular present duc, first-person singular preterite duguí, past participle dut)

  1. (transitive) to carry
    Synonym: portar
  2. (transitive) to bring
    Synonym: portar
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of dur (second conjugation, irregular, with velar infix)
infinitive dur
gerund duent
past participle masculine feminine
singular dut duta
plural duts dutes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present duc duus, dus duu, du duem dueu duen
imperfect duia duies duia dúiem dúieu duien
future duré duràs durà durem dureu duran
preterite duguí dugueres dugué duguérem duguéreu dugueren
conditional duria duries duria duríem duríeu durien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present dugui duguis dugui duguem dugueu duguin
imperfect dugués duguessis dugués duguéssim duguéssiu duguessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — duu, du dugui duguem dueu duguin
negative (no) — no duguis no dugui no duguem no dugueu no duguin

In Balearic, second person plural present indicative is duis, first person plural present indicative is duim.

Derived terms
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Further reading

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Czech

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Dur.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈdur]
  • Hyphenation: dur

Noun

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dur n (indeclinable)

  1. (music) major

Dalmatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin dāre.

Verb

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dur (first-person singular present da, past participle dut)

  1. to give

Danish

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Etymology

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From German Dur, from Latin durus (“hard”).

Noun

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dur

  1. (music) major

Antonyms

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Franco-Provençal

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin dūrus.

Adjective

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dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures) (ORB, broad)

  1. hard
    Antonym: dox

References

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  • dur in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
  • dur in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dur (feminine dure, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

  1. hard, tough (difficult to penetrate)
  2. hard (not soft)
  3. hard, tough (not easy, difficult)
  4. harsh (e.g. harsh conditions)
  5. (art) harsh (of a penstroke)

Derived terms

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Adverb

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dur

  1. hard
    travailler dur ― to work hard

Noun

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dur m (plural durs)

  1. firmness, solidity

Noun

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dur m (plural durs, feminine dure)

  1. hard case (tough person)

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Interlingua

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Adjective

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dur (comparative plus dur, superlative le plus dur)

  1. hard, not soft [1]

References

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  1. ^ Sexton, B. C. (2019) English-Interlingua: A Basic Vocabulary‎[1], Union Mundial pro Interlingua, →ISBN, retrieved 2020-11-20

Kalasha

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit द्वार (dvāra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”).

Noun

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dur (Arabic دوُر)

  1. house
    Synonyms: abádi, khatumán, ku, kuš
  2. door

Latvian

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Verb

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dur

  1. inflection of durt:
    1. second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. third-person plural present indicative
    3. second-person singular imperative
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of durt
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of durt

Lombard

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Alternative forms

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  • dür (Modern orthography)

Etymology

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From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine and feminine plural dur) (Classical Milanese orthography)

  1. hard
  2. tough, harsh
  3. stringy (of food)

References

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  • Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 2, 1843, p. 58

Occitan

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Etymology

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From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Attested from the 12th century.[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural duras)

  1. hard (resistant to pressure)
  2. difficult

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 211.

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *durь.

Noun

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dur m inan

  1. typhus (any of several similar diseases, characterized by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria)
    Synonym: tyfus
    dur brzuszny ― typhoid fever
    dur plamisty ― epidemic typhus
    dur powrotny ― relapsing fever
    dur rzekomy ― paratyphoid fever
  2. (literary) daze, stupor, befuddlement (state of confusion caused by some strong stimulus, such as love)
    Synonym: zamroczenie
Declension
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Declension of dur
singular
nominative dur
genitive duru
dative durowi
accusative dur
instrumental durem
locative durze
vocative durze
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adjective
noun
verb

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from German Dur.

Noun

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dur m inan (indeclinable, related adjective durowy)

  1. (music) major (scale)
    Synonym: major
    Antonyms: minor, moll

Adjective

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dur (not comparable, no derived adverb)

  1. (music) major (scale)
    Synonyms: durowy, major, majorowy
    Antonyms: minor, minorowy, moll, mollowy

Further reading

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  • dur I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • dur II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • dur in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romani

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit दूर (dūrá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s, from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Hindi दूर (dūr), Bengali দূর (dur), Kamkata-viri bādūř, Persian دور (dur).

Adverb

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dur

  1. far

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French dur, Latin dūrus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dur m or n (feminine singular dură, masculine plural duri, feminine and neuter plural dure)

  1. hard, tough
    Synonym: tare
  2. rough, harsh, severe
    Synonyms: aspru, sever

Declension

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Declension of dur
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-
accusative 		indefinite dur dură duri dure
definite durul dura durii durele
genitive-
dative 		indefinite dur dure duri dure
definite durului durei durilor durelor
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Slovak

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Dur, which is based on Latin durus (“hard”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dur m inan or n (relational adjective durový)

  1. (music) major scale

Declension

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Declension of dur
(pattern dub)
singularplural
nominativedurdury
genitivedurudurov
dativedurudurom
accusativedurdury
locativedureduroch
instrumentalduromdurmi
Declension of dur (indeclinable)
singularplural
nominativedurdur
genitivedurdur
dativedurdur
accusativedurdur
locativedurdur
instrumentaldurdur

References

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  1. ^ Králik, Ľubor (2016) “dur”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 139

Further reading

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  • “dur”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Sursurunga

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Adjective

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dur

  1. dirty

Further reading

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  • Sursurunga Organised Phonology Data (2011)
  • Don Hutchisson, Sursurunga grammar essentials (1975)

Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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dur c

  1. (music) major scale
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References

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Turkish

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Turkish stop sign

Verb

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dur

  1. second-person singular imperative of durmak

Welsh

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Etymology

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From Middle Welsh dur, from Proto-Brythonic *dʉr, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dur m (uncountable)

  1. steel

Adjective

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dur (feminine singular dur, plural dur, not comparable)

  1. (made of) steel
  2. (figurative) steely, hard, cruel

Mutation

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Mutated forms of dur
radical soft nasal aspirate
dur ddur nur unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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