kaum
Cimbrian edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German kūme, from Old High German kūmo, from Proto-Germanic *kūmaz, *kūmijaz (“weak, pitiful, frail”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”). Cognate with German kaum, also English comely.
Adverb edit
kaum (Sette Comuni)
- barely, hardly
- only, just, merely
- Ar is gabéest hia kaum hòite mòrgande.
- He was just here this morning.
Further reading edit
- “kaum” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Daga edit
Noun edit
kaum
References edit
- Kivung (journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea), volume 5 (1972), page 204
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German kūme, from Old High German kūmo, from Proto-Germanic *kūmaz, *kūmijaz (“weak, pitiful, frail”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”).[1] Cognate with English comely and archaic Dutch kuim (“barely”).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
kaum
- barely, hardly
- Ich kann das kaum lesen.
- I can barely read this.
- Die Handschrift ist kaum lesbar.
- The handwriting is barely legible.
- (with zu infinitive) difficult to, nearly impossible to
- Das ist kaum zu glauben.
- That's difficult to believe.
- little
- Synonym: wenig
References edit
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024), “comely”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Further reading edit
- “kaum” in Duden online
- “kaum” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883), “kaum”, in , John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Indonesian edit
Alternative forms edit
- kaoem (pre-1947)
Etymology edit
From Malay kaum, from Classical Malay kaum, from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kaum (first-person possessive kaumku, second-person possessive kaummu, third-person possessive kaumnya)
- people
- Synonym: suku bangsa
- family, relative
- group, class
- Synonym: golongan
- (archaic, Islam) mosque worker
- (archaic) matrilineal descendant
Hyponyms edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “kaum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
kaum
Luxembourgish edit
Etymology edit
From Old High German kūmo. Cognate with German kaum, Dutch kuim.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
kaum
Malay edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
kaum (Jawi spelling قوم, plural kaum-kaum, informal 1st possessive kaumku, 2nd possessive kaummu, 3rd possessive kaumnya)
- people, community
- Synonyms: masyarakat, warga
- tribe, clan
- group of people with common traits, such as an ethnic group or race
Further reading edit
- “kaum” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Plautdietsch edit
Adverb edit
kaum
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *kalma.
Noun edit
kaum
Declension edit
Inflection of kaum (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | kaum | ||
genitive sing. | kauman | ||
partitive sing. | kaumad | ||
partitive plur. | kaumoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kaum | kaumad | |
accusative | kauman | kaumad | |
genitive | kauman | kaumoiden | |
partitive | kaumad | kaumoid | |
essive-instructive | kauman | kaumoin | |
translative | kaumaks | kaumoikš | |
inessive | kaumas | kaumoiš | |
elative | kaumaspäi | kaumoišpäi | |
illative | kaumaha | kaumoihe | |
adessive | kaumal | kaumoil | |
ablative | kaumalpäi | kaumoilpäi | |
allative | kaumale | kaumoile | |
abessive | kaumata | kaumoita | |
comitative | kaumanke | kaumoidenke | |
prolative | kaumadme | kaumoidme | |
approximative I | kaumanno | kaumoidenno | |
approximative II | kaumannoks | kaumoidennoks | |
egressive | kaumannopäi | kaumoidennopäi | |
terminative I | kaumahasai | kaumoihesai | |
terminative II | kaumalesai | kaumoilesai | |
terminative III | kaumassai | — | |
additive I | kaumahapäi | kaumoihepäi | |
additive II | kaumalepäi | kaumoilepäi |
White Hmong edit
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : kaum | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *gju̯ɛp (“ten”). Cognate with Iu Mien ziepc.
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -um
Numeral edit
kaum