pang
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
The origin of the noun is uncertain;[1] it is possibly derived from Middle English *pange, perhaps an altered form of prange, prōnge (“affliction, agony, pain; pointed instrument”) as in prongys of deth (“pangs of death, death throes”), from Anglo-Latin pronga, of unknown origin. Perhaps connected with Middle Dutch prange, pranghe (“instrument for pinching”) (modern Dutch prang (“horse restraint; fetter, neck iron”)), Middle Low German prange (“pole, stake; (possibly) kind of pillory or stocks”),[1][2][3] Old English pyngan (“to prick”). The word may thus be related to prong.
The verb is derived from the noun.[4]
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: păng; IPA(key): /pʰæŋ/
Audio (AU) (file)
- (General American) enPR: pāng; IPA(key): /peɪŋ/
- Rhymes: -æŋ, -eɪŋ
Noun edit
pang (plural pangs)
- (often in the plural) A paroxysm of extreme physical pain or anguish; a feeling of sudden and transitory agony; a throe.
- 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 137, column 1:
- War[wick]. See how the pangs of death do make him grin. / Sal[isbury]. Diſturbe him not, let him paſſe peaceably.
- c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv], page 269:
- He is knight dubb'd with vnhatche'd Rapier, and on carpet conſideration, but he is a diuell in priuate brall, soules and bodies hath he diuorc'd three, and his incenſement at this moment is ſo implacable, that ſatisfaction can be none, but by pangs of death and ſepulcher: Hob, nob, is his word: giu't or take't.
- a. 1722, Matthew Prior, “Written in Lady Howe’s Ovid’s Epistles”, in The Poetical Works of Matthew Prior, Esq. […], Edinburgh: Printed by Mundell and Son, […], published 1793, →OCLC; republished in Robert Anderson, editor, The Works of the British Poets. […], volume VII, London: Printed for John & Arthur Arch; and for Bell & Bradfute, and J. Mundell & Co. Edinburgh, 1795, →OCLC, page 456, column 1:
- But, oh! what pangs torment the deſtin’d heart, / That feels the wound, yet dare not ſhow the dart; / What eaſe could Ovid to his ſorrows give, / Who muſt not ſpeak, and therefore cannot live?
- 1862, Christina Rossetti, “In the Round Tower at Jhansi, June 8, 1857”, in Goblin Market and Other Poems, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, London: Macmillan & Co., […], →OCLC, page 31:
- "Will it hurt much?"—"No, mine own: / I wish I could bear the pang for both." / "I wish I could bear the pang alone: / Courage, dear, I am not loth."
- 1888 May, Oscar Wilde, “The Nightingale and the Rose”, in The Happy Prince and Other Tales, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, pages 37–38:
- So the Nightingale pressed closer against the thorn, and the thorn touched her heart, and a fierce pang of pain shot through her. Bitter, bitter was the pain, and wilder and wilder grew her song, for she sang of the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.
- (often in the plural) A sudden sharp feeling of an emotional or mental nature, as of joy or sorrow.
- 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Five. The End of It.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 158–159:
- He had not gone far, when coming on towards him he beheld the portly gentleman, who had walked into his counting-house the day before, and said, "Scrooge and Marley's, I believe?" It sent a pang across his heart to think how this old gentleman would look upon him when they met; but he knew what path lay straight before him, and he took it.
- 1867 February, [Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.], “The Guardian Angel”, in The Atlantic Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Art, and Politics, volume XIX, number CXII, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, […], →OCLC, chapter VII (Myrtle’s Letter.—The Young Men’s Pursuit.), page 141, column 2:
- He was startled with a piece of information which gave him such an exquisite pang of delight that he could hardly keep the usual quiet of his demeanor.
- 1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 18:
- Unfortunately, in the hurry of leaving home, he had forgotten to provide himself with food, and at lunch time found himself attacked by the pangs of hunger.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
|
Verb edit
pang (third-person singular simple present pangs, present participle panging, simple past and past participle panged)
- (transitive) To cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment, to torture.
- 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 214, column 2:
- Yet if that quarrell, Fortune, to diuorce / It from the bearer, 'tis a ſufferance, panging / As ſoule and bodies ſeuering.
- 1919, Christopher Morley, “On Unanswering Letters”, in Mince Pie: Adventures on the Sunny Side of Grub Street, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, →OCLC, page 40:
- And perhaps a not altogether false little story could be written about a man who never visited those most dear to him, because it panged him so to say good-bye when he had to leave.
Translations edit
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “pang, n.1”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2005; “pang”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “prong, n.2”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, June 2007.
- ^ “prōnge, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ “pang, v.1”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2005.
Further reading edit
- “pang”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “pang”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
pang
- (nonstandard) simple past of ping
See also edit
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *panka. Possibly cognate with Tundra Enets poggo (“handle”).
Noun edit
pang (genitive pange, partitive pange)
Declension edit
Declension of pang (ÕS type 22i/külm, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | pang | panged | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | pange | ||
genitive | pangede | ||
partitive | pange | pangi pangesid | |
illative | pange pangesse |
pangedesse pangisse | |
inessive | panges | pangedes pangis | |
elative | pangest | pangedest pangist | |
allative | pangele | pangedele pangile | |
adessive | pangel | pangedel pangil | |
ablative | pangelt | pangedelt pangilt | |
translative | pangeks | pangedeks pangiks | |
terminative | pangeni | pangedeni | |
essive | pangena | pangedena | |
abessive | pangeta | pangedeta | |
comitative | pangega | pangedega |
References edit
Further reading edit
- “pang”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
Hokkien edit
For pronunciation and definitions of pang – see 幫 (“group; gang; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 幫). |
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
pang
- (intransitive, chiefly in the third person) to stagnate, to be in stasis (e.g. of business or bodily circulation)
Conjugation edit
The infinitive is more common in the form pangani.
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | pangok | pangsz | pang | pangunk | pangtok | pangnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | pangtam | pangtál | pangott | pangtunk | pangtatok | pangtak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. pangni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | pangék | pangál | panga | pangánk | pangátok | pangának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. pang vala, pangott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | pangandok | pangandasz | pangand | pangandunk | pangandotok | pangandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | pangnék | pangnál | pangna | pangnánk | pangnátok | pangnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pangott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | pangjak | pangj or pangjál |
pangjon | pangjunk | pangjatok | pangjanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pangott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | pangni | pangnom | pangnod | pangnia | pangnunk | pangnotok | pangniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
pangás | pangó | pangott | ― | pangva (pangván) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | panghatok | panghatsz | panghat | panghatunk | panghattok | panghatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | panghattam | panghattál | panghatott | panghattunk | panghattatok | panghattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | panghaték | panghatál | panghata | panghatánk | panghatátok | panghatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. panghat vala, panghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | panghatandok or pangandhatok |
panghatandasz or pangandhatsz |
panghatand or pangandhat |
panghatandunk or pangandhatunk |
panghatandotok or pangandhattok |
panghatandanak or pangandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | panghatnék | panghatnál | panghatna | panghatnánk | panghatnátok | panghatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. panghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | panghassak | panghass or panghassál |
panghasson | panghassunk | panghassatok | panghassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. panghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (panghatni) | (panghatnom) | (panghatnod) | (panghatnia) | (panghatnunk) | (panghatnotok) | (panghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (panghatva / panghatván) | ||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- pang in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Javanese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Javanese paṅ.
Noun edit
pang
Ludian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *panka.
Noun edit
pang
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
pang
- Nonstandard spelling of pāng.
- Nonstandard spelling of páng.
- Nonstandard spelling of pǎng.
- Nonstandard spelling of pàng.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin pānis, pānem.
Noun edit
pang m
Noun edit
pang m (plural pangs)
Swedish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Interjection edit
pang
- bang (verbal percussive sound)
Noun edit
pang n
- bang, explosion
- Han vaknade med ett pang. ― He woke up with a bang.
- Pang! Pang! Du är död! ― Bang! Bang! You are dead!
- 1887, August Strindberg, Hemsöborna:
- när plötsligen det hördes ett pang! utanför på gården och rasslet av glasskärvor.
- when suddenly they heard a bang! outside in the yard and the sound of broken glass.
Declension edit
Declension of pang | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | pang | panget | pang | pangen |
Genitive | pangs | pangets | pangs | pangens |
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
pang n
- (colloquial, dated) pension house, hotel; clipping of pensionat.
Declension edit
Declension of pang | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | pang | panget | pang | pangen |
Genitive | pangs | pangets | pangs | pangens |
Trivia edit
- The Swedish translation of John Cleese's Fawlty Towers (1975), "Pang i bygget" (1979) is a pun based on both definitions.
References edit
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *panka.
Noun edit
pang
Declension edit
Inflection of pang (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | pang | ||
genitive sing. | pangan | ||
partitive sing. | pangad | ||
partitive plur. | pangoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | pang | pangad | |
accusative | pangan | pangad | |
genitive | pangan | pangoiden | |
partitive | pangad | pangoid | |
essive-instructive | pangan | pangoin | |
translative | pangaks | pangoikš | |
inessive | pangas | pangoiš | |
elative | pangaspäi | pangoišpäi | |
illative | pangaha | pangoihe | |
adessive | pangal | pangoil | |
ablative | pangalpäi | pangoilpäi | |
allative | pangale | pangoile | |
abessive | pangata | pangoita | |
comitative | panganke | pangoidenke | |
prolative | pangadme | pangoidme | |
approximative I | panganno | pangoidenno | |
approximative II | pangannoks | pangoidennoks | |
egressive | pangannopäi | pangoidennopäi | |
terminative I | pangahasai | pangoihesai | |
terminative II | pangalesai | pangoilesai | |
terminative III | pangassai | — | |
additive I | pangahapäi | pangoihepäi | |
additive II | pangalepäi | pangoilepäi |