quintal
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈkwɪntl/, /ˈkwɪnl/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈkwɪntl/, /ˈkwɪntəl/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɪntəl
Alternative forms edit
- quintale (chiefly Italian contexts)
- kintal, kintle, kantal, kental, kentle (dialectical)
- quintell, quintall, quintaile, quintail, kyntal, kyntall, kyntayl, kintall, kyntal, kentall, kentell (obsolete)
Etymology 1 edit
Late Middle English, from Anglo-Norman quintal, from Middle French quintal, from Old French and Medieval Latin quintale and quintallus (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from the neuter of centēnārius (“having 100 things”). Use for various non-English units, borrowed from French quintal, Spanish quintal, Portuguese quintal, etc. The apparent relation to quint- (“five, fivefold”) and -al (“forming adjectives”) is accidental, although it possibly influenced the eventual spelling of the term. Doublet of centenary and kantar.
Noun edit
quintal (plural quintals)
- (historical) Synonym of hundredweight, 100 or 112 English or American pounds.
- 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 204:
- In one import license alone, the merchant in question was instructed to bring in 13,000 quintals of alum, which, snapped up by industries in England and the Low Countries, would yield the king a cool £8,666 13s 4d.
- (historical) Various other similar units of weight in other systems.
- An unofficial metric unit equal to 100 kg.
Usage notes edit
Historically, the value varied with local values of pounds by time, location, and substance. At the time of metricization, the French quintal was 49.951 kg, the Portuguese quintal was 58.75 kg, the Spanish quintal was 46.014 kg, and the Milanese quintal was 32.67 kg. The present metric quintal is not officially recognized as part of the metric system.
Coordinate terms edit
- (Spanish unit of mass): libra (1⁄100 quintal), arroba (1⁄4 quintal), tonelada (20 quintals)
- (Portuguese unit of mass): arratel (1⁄128 quintal), arroba (1⁄4 quintal), quintalejo (1⁄2 quintal), tonelada (13 1⁄2 quintals)
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
From quint- (“five, fivefold”) + -al (“forming adjectives”).
Noun edit
quintal (plural quintals)
- (grammar) A grammatical number referring to five (or more) things.
- 2002, Kearsy Annette Cormier, Grammaticization of Indexic Signs: How American Sign Language Expresses Numerosity, page 69:
- Furthermore, if the number-incorporated pronouns are analyzed as grammatically marked for number, distinct grammatical categories for trial, quadral and quintal must be posited.
- 2014, Sam Lutalo-Kiingi, A Descriptive Grammar of Morphosyntactic Constructions in Ugandan Sign Language (UgSL), page 198:
- In UgSL, we find a complete set of forms for dual, trial, quadral and quintal in several paradigmatic contrasts.
- 2023, Raquel Veiga Busto, Person and Number: An Empirical Study of Catalan Sign Language Pronouns, page 164:
- All in all, this suggests that in LSC the differences observed in the motion taken by exact number pronouns is not grounded in a fundamental distinction between the dual vs. the trial, the quadral and the quintal.
Adjective edit
quintal (not comparable)
- (grammar) Referring to five (or more) things; of, in or relating to the quintal grammatical number.
- 1995, John W. M. Verhaar, Toward a Reference Grammar of Tok Pisin: An Experiment in Corpus Linguistics, page 20:
- What Table 4 does not show is the possibility of even "quadral" and "quintal" forms, like yufopela 'you four', 'the four of you', yufaipela 'you five', 'the five of you'.
- 2014, Sam Lutalo-Kiingi, A Descriptive Grammar of Morphosyntactic Constructions in Ugandan Sign Language (UgSL), page 198:
- In sign languages, on the other hand, trial, quadral and quintal forms such as found in UgSL are not uncommon.
- 2023, Raquel Veiga Busto, Person and Number: An Empirical Study of Catalan Sign Language Pronouns, page 102:
- Moreover, trial, quadral and quintal forms are given an identical status as number values in the pronominal domain.
Usage notes edit
- It has been contested whether this grammatical phenomenon exists in human languages. If it does, it is almost entirely confined to sign languages. See also Grammatical number.
References edit
- Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
See also edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French quintal, from Medieval Latin quintāle (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from centēnī (“100 things”) + -ārius (“-ary: forming related adjectives”). Doublet of centenaire.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
quintal m (plural quintaux)
- quintal, a nonstandard metric unit of mass equivalent to exactly 100 kg
- (historical) quintal, French hundredweight, a traditional unit of mass equivalent to about 49.95 kg
Further reading edit
- “quintal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French quintal, from Medieval Latin quintāle (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from centēnī (“100 things”) + -ārius (“-ary: forming related adjectives”).
Noun edit
quintal m (plural quintaulx)
- (historical) quintal, French hundredweight, a traditional unit of mass
Old French edit
Etymology edit
From Medieval Latin quintāle (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from centēnī (“100 things”) + -ārius (“-ary: forming related adjectives”).
Noun edit
quintal oblique singular, m (oblique plural quintaus or quintax or quintals, nominative singular quintaus or quintax or quintals, nominative plural quintal)
- (historical) quintal, French hundredweight, a traditional unit of mass
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese quintãal, from Vulgar Latin *quintanālem; equivalent to quinta + -al.
Noun edit
quintal m (plural quintais)
Etymology 2 edit
From Medieval Latin quintāle (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Andalusian Arabic and Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”). Doublet of centenário.
Noun edit
quintal m (plural quintais)
- quintal, a nonstandard unit of mass equal to 100 kg
- (historical) quintal, Portuguese hundredweight, a traditional unit of mass usually equivalent to 58.7 kg
Synonyms edit
- (metric unit): quintal métrico
Coordinate terms edit
- (historical unit): arrátel (1⁄128 quintal), arroba (1⁄4 quintal), quintalejo (1⁄2 quintal), tonelada (13 1⁄2 quintals)
Derived terms edit
Spanish edit
Alternative forms edit
- qq (abbreviation)
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Medieval Latin quintāle (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Andalusian Arabic and Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from centēnī (“100 things”) + -ārius (“-ary: forming related adjectives”). Doublet of centenario.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
quintal m (plural quintales)
- quintal (an unofficial metric unit of mass equal to exactly 100 kg)
- (chiefly historical) quintal, Spanish hundredweight (a traditional unit of mass equivalent to about 46 kg)
Usage notes edit
- Historically, the quintal varied by region, over time, and depending on the object being measured.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Zoogocho Zapotec: quintal
Further reading edit
- “quintal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Zoogocho Zapotec edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish quintal.
Noun edit
quintal
References edit
- Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)[1] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 286