schallen
Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch scellen (“loud sound”), from Old Dutch skellan, from Proto-West Germanic *skellan, from Proto-Germanic *skellaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”).[1][2]
Cognate with Old English scellan (“to sound, make a noise”) and German schallen (“to sound, to resound”). Also see Old Norse skjalla (“to clatter”), Old English hlowan.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editschallen
Conjugation
editConjugation of schallen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | schallen | |||
past singular | schalde | |||
past participle | geschald | |||
infinitive | schallen | |||
gerund | schallen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | schal | schalde | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | schalt, schal2 | schalde | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | schalt | schalde | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | schalt | schalde | ||
3rd person singular | schalt | schalde | ||
plural | schallen | schalden | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | schalle | schalde | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | schallen | schalden | ||
imperative sing. | schal | |||
imperative plur.1 | schalt | |||
participles | schallend | geschald | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Synonyms
edit- (to sound loudly): luiden
- (to resound): galmen, nagalmen, weergalmen, echoën
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “schallen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1498”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1498
German
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German schallen, from the root of Schall (“sound”). The Grimms have it as corrupt form of Middle High German schëllen (inflected schal, geschollen),[1] from Proto-West Germanic *skellan, from Proto-Germanic *skellaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editschallen (weak or irregular strong, third-person singular present schallt, past tense schallte or (less common) scholl, past participle geschallt, past subjunctive schallte or (less common) schölle, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to sound, ring (out)
- 1942, Stefan Zweig, Die Welt von Gestern […] [The World of Yesterday][1]:
- […] ebenso glücklich waren wie wir selbst, wenn mittags die Schulglocke scholl, die ihnen und uns die Freiheit gab.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
editThe weak (regular) forms are more common.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | schallen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | schallend | ||||
past participle | geschallt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich schalle | wir schallen | i | ich schalle | wir schallen |
du schallst | ihr schallt | du schallest | ihr schallet | ||
er schallt | sie schallen | er schalle | sie schallen | ||
preterite | ich schallte ich scholl1 |
wir schallten wir schollen1 |
ii | ich schallte2 ich schölle1,2 |
wir schallten2 wir schöllen1,2 |
du schalltest du schollst1 |
ihr schalltet ihr schollt1 |
du schalltest2 du schöllest1,2 du schöllst1,2 |
ihr schalltet2 ihr schöllet1,2 ihr schöllt1,2 | ||
er schallte er scholl1 |
sie schallten sie schollen1 |
er schallte2 er schölle1,2 |
sie schallten2 sie schöllen1,2 | ||
imperative | schall (du) schalle (du) |
schallt (ihr) |
1Less common.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ “schallen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
Further reading
edit- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑlən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑlən/2 syllables
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch weak verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German strong verbs
- German irregular strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with quotations