schaven

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsxaːvə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːvən

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch schāven, from Old Dutch *skavan, from Proto-West Germanic *skaban, from Proto-Germanic *skabaną.

Verb

schaven

1. (transitive) to plane, to grate
2. (transitive) to smooth
3. (intransitive) to rub roughly, over a rough surface

Inflection

Conjugation of schaven (weak)
infinitive	schaven
past singular	schaafde
past participle	geschaafd
infinitive	schaven
gerund	schaven n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	schaaf	schaafde
2nd person sing. (jij)	schaaft, schaaf2	schaafde
2nd person sing. (u)	schaaft	schaafde
2nd person sing. (gij)	schaaft	schaafde
3rd person singular	schaaft	schaafde
plural	schaven	schaafden
subjunctive sing.1	schave	schaafde
subjunctive plur.1	schaven	schaafden
imperative sing.	schaaf
imperative plur.1	schaaft
participles	schavend	geschaafd
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

• beschaven

Descendants

• → Papiamentu: skaf, schaaf, skaaf

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

schaven

1. plural of schaaf

Low German

Etymology

From Middle Low German schāven, from Old Saxon skavan.

Verb

schaven (past schaav, past participle schaavt, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. (transitive) to scrape; to scratch; to scour; to chafe
2. (intransitive) to scrape
3. (reflexive) to scrape oneself; to scrub oneself
4. (reflexive, figuratively) to shave oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of schaven (weak verb)

infinitive	schaven
indicative	present	preterite
1st person singular	schaav	schaav
2nd person singular	schaavs(t)	schaavs(t)
3rd person singular	schaav(t)	schaav
plural	schaavt, schaaven	schaven
imperative	present	—
singular	schaav(e)
plural	schaavt
participle	present	past
	schaven	(e)schaavt, geschaavt
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Derived terms

• afschaven

Middle Dutch

Etymology

from Old Dutch *scavan, from Proto-West Germanic *skaban.

Verb

schāven

1. to plane
2. to scrape
3. to shave
4. to grind, to pulverise

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: schaven
• Limburgish: sjave

Further reading

• “scaven”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “schaven”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Alternative forms

• schave, shave, shaven

Etymology

From Old English sċafan, from Proto-West Germanic *skaban; equivalent to schave +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃaːvən/

Verb

schaven (third-person singular simple present schaveth, present participle schavynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schof, past participle schaven)

1. To scrape or scratch, especially into pieces:
   1. To make sharp or smooth; to hone or whet.
   2. To abrase surgically; to file off.
   3. To rub away or wipe out; to eliminate by abrasion.
2. To razor hair; to use a unpaired blade to cut hair:
   1. To shave; to remove all hair in a given area.
   2. To cut hair closely or fully.
3. To dice or chop off; to eliminate by cutting.

Conjugation

Conjugation of schaven (strong class 6 or weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) schaven, schave
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	schave	schof, schaved
2nd-person singular	schavest	schove, schof, schavedest
3rd-person singular	schaveth	schof, schaved
subjunctive singular	schave	schove1, schaved1
imperative singular		—
plural2	schaven, schave	schoven, schove, schaveden, schavede
imperative plural	schaveth, schave	—
participles	schavynge, schavende	schaven, schave, schaved, yschaven, yschave, yschaved

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• schave
• schaver
• schavynge

Descendants

• English: shave
  • → Welsh: siafio
• Scots: schave, schaif, schaiff; shaav (through confluence with Norwegian skave)

References

• “shāven, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-09.