ég
See also: Appendix:Variations of "eg"
Hungarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finno-Ugric *säŋe. Cognates are limited to Baltic-Finnic (e.g. Finnish sää (“weather”)) and Komi-Permyak сынӧд (synöd, “warm air”).[1][2]
Noun
editég (countable and uncountable, plural egek)
- sky (the part of the atmosphere which can be seen above a specific place)
- Synonym: égbolt
- 1937, László Balás-Piri, “A múzeum képtára”, in Székesfehérvári Szemle[1], volume 7, numbers 3–4:
- A halvány kék égen fehér felhők vonulnak.
- White clouds are marching across the pale blue sky.
- (also in the plural) heaven (the abode of God and of the blessed dead)
- Synonym: menny
- 1908, Grazia Deledda, chapter 4, in Mrs. Károly Sebestyén, transl., A repkény[2]:
- Ha van Isten az égben, úgy meg fog nekünk bocsátani.
- If there is a God in heaven, He will forgive us.
- (by extension, in set phrases) heaven as a replacement for God (the supreme being and principal object of faith in Christianity)
- 1899, Lenke Bajza Beniczky, chapter 8, in Sára története[3]:
- Hála az égnek, hogy megszabadulunk tőlük.
- Thank heavens we'll be rid of them.
Declension
editInflection of ég | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ég | egek |
accusative | eget | egeket |
dative | égnek | egeknek |
instrumental | éggel | egekkel |
causal-final | égért | egekért |
translative | éggé | egekké |
terminative | égig | egekig |
essive-formal | égként | egekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | égben | egekben |
superessive | égen (egen) |
egeken |
adessive | égnél | egeknél |
illative | égbe | egekbe |
sublative | égre | egekre |
allative | éghez | egekhez |
elative | égből | egekből |
delative | égről | egekről |
ablative | égtől | egektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
égé | egeké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
égéi | egekéi |
Possessive forms of ég | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | egem | egeim |
2nd person sing. | eged | egeid |
3rd person sing. | ege | egei |
1st person plural | egünk | egeink |
2nd person plural | egetek | egeitek |
3rd person plural | egük | egeik |
Derived terms
editCompound words
Expressions
Etymology 2
editProbably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *äŋɜ- (“fire; to burn”).[3]
Verb
editég
- (intransitive) to burn, to be on fire (to be consumed by fire, or in flames)
- 1918, Cécile Tormay, Viaszfigurák:
- Nem messze tőle, egy kicsiny tűz égett az erdő szélén.
- Not far away, a small fire was burning at the edge of the forest.
- (intransitive) to be switched on, to be lit (of a source of illumination, to produce light)
- 1906, Dezső Kosztolányi, “Ősz felé”, in Aranyfonál[4]:
- Mikor hazafelé jöttem, már minden házban égett a lámpa.
- When I was coming home, the lights were already on in every house.
- (intransitive) to be hot, to burn (of skin, to become hot due to fever or an emotional state)
- 2011, István Krausz, “Egy fedél alatt”, in Örökölt küzdelem[5]:
- Rohantunk hazáig, a gyerek égett a láztól, és félrebeszélt.
- We ran home, the child was burning with fever and delirious.
- (intransitive, by extension, slang) to be embarrassed, to feel ashamed (to have a feeling of shameful discomfort)
- 2015, Tibor Csákány, “A Hold leánya”, in Ahol a fák is sírnak[6]:
- Nagyot égtem volna, ha mindenki szeme láttára elterülök.
- I would have been really embarrassed if I had fallen flat on my face in front of everyone.
- (intransitive) to sting, to burn (to produce a burning sensation)
- 1940, László Mosonyi, “B-avitaminosisok hazánkban”, in Orvosi Hetilap[7], volume 84, number 36:
- Fűszeres ételre, paprikára nyelve égni kezd.
- Her tongue starts burning upon eating spicy food or peppers.
- (intransitive, figurative) to be burning with (to feel an ardent emotion or desire)
- 1929, Alexandre Dumas, chapter 19, in Gyula Szini, transl., Bragelonne vicomte[8], volume I:
- Égek a kíváncsiságtól, hogy megtudjam a részleteket!
- I'm burning with curiosity to know the details.
Conjugation
editconjugation of ég
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | égek | égsz | ég | égünk | égtek | égnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | égtem | égtél | égett | égtünk | égtetek | égtek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. égni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | égék | égél | ége | égénk | égétek | égének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ég vala, égett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | égendek | égendesz | égend | égendünk | égendetek | égendenek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | égnék | égnél | égne | égnénk | égnétek | égnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. égett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | égjek | égj or égjél |
égjen | égjünk | égjetek | égjenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. égett légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | égni | égnem | égned | égnie | égnünk | égnetek | égniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
égés | égő | égett | ― | égve (égvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of ég
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | éghetek | éghetsz | éghet | éghetünk | éghettek | éghetnek | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | éghettem | éghettél | éghetett | éghettünk | éghettetek | éghettek | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | égheték | éghetél | éghete | égheténk | éghetétek | éghetének | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. éghet vala, éghetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | éghetendek or égandhatok |
éghetendesz or égandhatsz |
éghetend or égandhat |
éghetendünk or égandhatunk |
éghetendetek or égandhattok |
éghetendenek or égandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | éghetnék | éghetnél | éghetne | éghetnénk | éghetnétek | éghetnének | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. éghetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | éghessek | éghess or éghessél |
éghessen | éghessünk | éghessetek | éghessenek | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. éghetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (éghetni) | (éghetnem) | (éghetned) | (éghetnie) | (éghetnünk) | (éghetnetek) | (éghetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (éghetve / éghetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
edit(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
References
edit- ^ Entry #879 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ ég in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Entry #45 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Further reading
edit- ég in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
- (sky): ég in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to burn): ég in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editThe Icelandic pronoun continues Old Norse ek, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. The pronoun is attested, in Proto-Norse inscriptions, since at least the 3rd century.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editég
- I (first-person singular pronoun)
- 1584, Guðbrandsbiblía, Genesis 1.29 (orthography as in the 1899 printing and the 1908 printing):
- Og Guð sagði: sjá, eg gef ykkur alls konar sáðberandi jurtir […]
- Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant […] ” (NIV)
- 1656-59, Passíusálmar (Passion Hymns), hymn 1, verse 1 (orthography as in the 1887 printing):
- Upp, upp, mín sál og allt mitt geð,
- upp mitt hjarta og rómur með,
- hugur og tunga hjálpi til.
- herrans pínu ég minnast vil.
- translation by William Charles Green:
- Up, up, my soul and all my mind,
- Up, O my heart and voice combined;
- Help, thought and tongue; for I would fain
- Wake memory of our Lord's dear pain.
- translation published in Parergon, issues 1–13 (1971), page 31:
- Up, up my soul and all my mind,
- up my heart and voice as well.
- Thought and tongue help out.
- I intend to remember the Lord's suffering.
- translation by William Charles Green:
- 1800-1840, Bjarni Thorarensen, Solatium:
- Kvíði ég ei dauða,
konulaus maður,- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2000, Arnaldur Indriðason, Mýrin, page 59:
- — Þekki ég þig? sagði hann. Um hvað ertu að tala? Hver ertu?
- — Ég heiti Erlendur. Ég er að rannsaka morð á manni að nafni Holberg í Reykjavík.
- Jar City: A Reykjavík Thriller, translation by Bernard Scudder:
- "Do I know you?" he said. "What are you talking about? Who are you?"
- "My name’s [=I am called] Erlendur. I’m investigating the murder of a man from Reykjavik by the name of Holberg."
- Jar City: A Reykjavík Thriller, translation by Bernard Scudder:
- 1584, Guðbrandsbiblía, Genesis 1.29 (orthography as in the 1899 printing and the 1908 printing):
Declension
edit Icelandic personal pronouns
Icelandic personal pronouns | ||||||
singular | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter | |
nominative | ég, eg, ek† | þú | hann | hún, hon†, hón† | það, þat† | |
accusative | mig, mik† | þig, þik† | hann | hana | það, þat† | |
dative | mér | þér | honum, hánum† | henni | því | |
genitive | mín | þín | hans | hennar | þess | |
plural | first person | second person | third person masculine | third person feminine | third person neuter | |
nominative | við | þið, þit† | þeir | þær | þau | |
accusative | okkur | ykkur | þá | þær | þau | |
dative | okkur | ykkur | þeim | þeim | þeim | |
genitive | okkar | ykkar | þeirra | þeirra | þeirra |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Icelandic Online Dictionary and Readings „ég“
Categories:
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