þú

See also: þu and -þu

IcelandicEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /θu/, [θuː]
  • Audio
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -uː

PronounEdit

þú

  1. (personal, in the singular) you, thou
    Þú ert skemmtilegur.
    You are fun.
    Ertu nemandi?
    Are you a student?

Usage notesEdit

  • After verbs the pronoun þú is either:
    separated:
    (separated)
    munt þú ― are you going to
    (separated)
    skalt þú ― you shall
    (separated)
    borðar þú ― do you eat
    (separated)
    hoppar þú ― do you jump
    (separated)
    sérð þú ― do you see
    or suffixed and changed into -ðu, -du, -tu or -u:
    (suffixed)
    muntu ― are you going to
    (suffixed)
    borðarðu ― do you eat
    (suffixed)
    viltu ― do you want to
    (suffixed)
    nennirðu ― could you be bothered to

DeclensionEdit

  Icelandic personal pronouns
Icelandic personal pronouns
singular first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative ég, eg†, ek† þú hann hún, hon†, hón† það, þat†
accusative mig, mik† þig, þik† hann hana það, þat†
dative mér þér honum, hánum† henni því
genitive mín þín hans hennar þess
plural first person second person third person masculine third person feminine third person neuter
nominative við þið, þit† þeir þær þau
accusative okkur ykkur þá þær þau
dative okkur ykkur þeim þeim þeim
genitive okkar ykkar þeirra þeirra þeirra

SynonymsEdit

  • (singular you): þér (formal, archaic)

Derived termsEdit

Old NorseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates: see there.

PronounEdit

þú

  1. (in the singular) you (thou)
    • 900s-1000s, Hávamál, verse 112
      Ráðum'k þér, Loddfáfnir, / at þú ráð nemir,
      njóta mundu ef þú nemr,
      þér munu góð ef þú getr:
      Nótt þú rís-at / nema á njósn sér
      eða þú leitir þér innan út staðar.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Usage notesEdit

It may become enclitic when after a verb, that is, be appended to the preceding word as either -du, -ðu or -tu depending on the consonant cluster. The rules for this are the same as for the past tense dental suffixes of the class 1 weak verbs. This may happen more often in Old Norse, as the personal pronoun is often used with the singular imperative. This is not to say, however, that whenever þú comes after a verb, it will always take an enclitic form. It could well stay separate for the sake of emphasis. With the clitics, this is how it ends up looking.

Note, as seen in the last two examples, that this does not cause u-umlaut.

DeclensionEdit

Old Norse personal pronouns
number first person second person reflexive third person
case singular singular masculine singular feminine singular neuter
nominative ek þú hann hon, hón þat
accusative mik þik sik hann hana, hána þat
dative mér þér sér hánum, honum, hónum henni því
genitive mínn, minn þínn, þinn sínn, sinn hans hennar þess
case dual
nominative vit it, þit
accusative okr, okkr ykr, ykkr sik
dative okr, okkr ykr, ykkr sér
genitive okkar ykkar sínn, sinn
case plural plural masculine plural feminine plural neuter
nominative vér ér, þér þeir þær þau
accusative oss yðr sik þá þær þau
dative oss yðr sér þeim þeim þeim
genitive várr yðarr, yðvarr sínn, sinn þeirra þeirra þeirra


DescendantsEdit

  • Icelandic: þú
  • Faroese: tú
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: du
  • Norwegian Bokmål: du
  • Jamtish: dú
  • Elfdalian: du
  • Westrobothnian: du, duw, döuw, deo, do
  • Old Swedish: þū
  • Old Danish: thu
    • Danish: du

The enclitic use lives on in modern Icelandic þú. See there for more.

See alsoEdit

  • þinn (possessive pronoun)
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