بد

See also: پد and ـبد

Arabic

Root
ب د د (b d d)
5 terms

Etymology

Sense 6 is a semantic loan from Classical Persian بُت (but).

Noun

بُدّ • (budd) m (plural بِدَدَة (bidada) or أَبْدَاد (ʔabdād))

1. escape, means of avoiding something

   لَا بُدَّ مِن كَذَا

   lā budda min kaḏā

   there is no avoiding such a thing, such a thing is inevitable

2. flight
3. separation
4. part, portion
5. equivalent, substitute
7. idol

Declension

Declension of noun بُدّ (budd)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُدّ budd	الْبُدّ al-budd	بُدّ budd
Nominative	بُدٌّ buddun	الْبُدُّ al-buddu	بُدُّ buddu
Accusative	بُدًّا buddan	الْبُدَّ al-budda	بُدَّ budda
Genitive	بُدٍّ buddin	الْبُدِّ al-buddi	بُدِّ buddi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بُدَّيْن buddayn	الْبُدَّيْن al-buddayn	بُدَّيْ budday
Nominative	بُدَّانِ buddāni	الْبُدَّانِ al-buddāni	بُدَّا buddā
Accusative	بُدَّيْنِ buddayni	الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni	بُدَّيْ budday
Genitive	بُدَّيْنِ buddayni	الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni	بُدَّيْ budday
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بِدَدَة‎; أَبْدَاد bidada‎; ʔabdād	الْبِدَدَة‎; الْأَبْدَاد al-bidada‎; al-ʔabdād	بِدَدَة‎; أَبْدَاد bidadat‎; ʔabdād
Nominative	بِدَدَةٌ‎; أَبْدَادٌ bidadatun‎; ʔabdādun	الْبِدَدَةُ‎; الْأَبْدَادُ al-bidadatu‎; al-ʔabdādu	بِدَدَةُ‎; أَبْدَادُ bidadatu‎; ʔabdādu
Accusative	بِدَدَةً‎; أَبْدَادًا bidadatan‎; ʔabdādan	الْبِدَدَةَ‎; الْأَبْدَادَ al-bidadata‎; al-ʔabdāda	بِدَدَةَ‎; أَبْدَادَ bidadata‎; ʔabdāda
Genitive	بِدَدَةٍ‎; أَبْدَادٍ bidadatin‎; ʔabdādin	الْبِدَدَةِ‎; الْأَبْدَادِ al-bidadati‎; al-ʔabdādi	بِدَدَةِ‎; أَبْدَادِ bidadati‎; ʔabdādi

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “بد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[1], London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “بد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Khalaj

Adjective

بَد (bəd)

1. Arabic spelling of bəd (“evil”)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).

Preposition

بد • (badd, bidd)

1. want to

   بدي شوفك كل يوم، يا حبيبي

   Baddi šūfak kill yōm, ya ḥabībi.

   I want to see you every day, my dear.

2. should; need

   شو بدنا نئللو؟

   Šu badna nʾil-lu?

   What should we tell him?

Usage notes

• The past is formed by adding كان (kēn), which originally would be left unchanged, but is now equally commonly conjugated. Thus: كان بدي شوفك (kēn baddi šūfak) or كنت بدي شوفك (kint baddi šūfak), both “I wanted to see you.”

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian بد (bad).

Adjective

بد • (bed)

1. bad

Pashto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bəd/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

بد • (bəd)

1. bad

Declension

declension of بد

	masculine			feminine
	singular	plural		singular	plural
direct	بد (bəd)	بد (bəd)		بده (bəda)	بدې (bəde)
oblique	بد (bəd)	بدو (bədo)		بدې (bəde)	بدو (bədo)
vocative	بده (bəda)	بدو (bədo)		بدې (bəde)	بدو (bədo)

Adverb

بد • (bad)

1. badly

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SLYA) / [script needed] (wt' /⁠wad⁠/, “bad, evil”), from Proto-Iranian *watah, with further origin uncertain. Akin to Old Armenian վատ (vat), an Iranian borrowing. Unrelated to English bad, despite phonetic and semantic similarity.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bað]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bæd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	baḏ
Dari reading?	bad
Iranian reading?	bad
Tajik reading?	bad

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Adjective

Dari	بد
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бад

بَد • (bad) (comparative بَدتَر (bad-tar), superlative بَدتَرین (bad-tarin))

1. bad; not good
2. evil

Antonyms

• خوب (xub)

Adverb

بَد • (bad)

1. poorly, badly

Derived terms

• بدحجاب (bad-hejâb, “badly-veiled”)
• بدخواه (bad-xâh, “evil, malicious”)
• بدخیم (bad-xim, “malignant”)
• بدرنگ (bad-rang, “of a bad, unpleasant or ugly color”)
• بدروزگار (bad-ruzgâr, “wicked, evil”)
• بدمعاش (bad-ma'âš, “of a bad life, trade, profession”)
• بدنام (bad-nâm, “infamous”)
• بدنعل (bad-na'l, “hard to shoe”)
• بدنهور (bad-nohur, “evil-eyed”)
• بدی (badi, “badness”)

 

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: bəd-
• → Bengali: বদ (bod)
• → Hindi: बद (bad)
• → Khalaj: bəd
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਬਦ (bad)

  Shahmukhi script: بد (bad)

• → Sylheti: ꠛꠣꠖ (bad)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “wad”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 85
• Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 46

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭯𐭥𐭭 (pʿn) / PWN (pad, “to, at, in, on”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bað]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bäd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bed̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bäd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	baḏ
Dari reading?	bad
Iranian reading?	bed
Tajik reading?	bad

• (Mashhad) IPA^(key): /bez/

Preposition

بد • (bed or bad) (archaic)

1. Alternative form of به (be, “to; in; for”)

Usage notes

Only used in compounds.

Alternative forms

• بذ (bez, baz) (archaic or dialectal, Mashhad)

Derived terms

• بدان (bed-ân)
• بدو (bed-u)
• بدیشان (bed-išân)
• بدین (bed-in)

 

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bidd/, [bɪd]

Preposition

بدّ • (bidd-)

1. (false verb) to want

   Synonym: حبّ (ḥabb)

   بدّك قهوة؟

   biddak ʔahwe?

   Do you want some coffee?

   بدي أشوفك كل يوم يا حبيبي.

   biddi ʔašūfak kull yōm ya ḥabībi.

   I want to see you every day, my dear.

2. (false verb, by extension) to need

   Synonym: احتاج (iḥtāj)

   ابني مريض كتير وبدّه دوا ضروري.

   ibni marīḍ ktīr w biddo dawa ḍurūri.

   My son is very sick and needs medicine.

   (literally, “My son is very sick and wants medicine necessarily.”)

3. (auxiliary) will, going to

   Synonym: رح (raḥ)

   بدي أمرق لعنده بكرة.

   biddi ʔamroʔ la-ʕindo bukra.

   I'm going to go to his house tomorrow.

Usage notes

• Similar to terms like عند (ʕind, “to have”), the term بدّ (bidd) is "conjugated" with enclitic pronouns. Unlike عند (ʕind), however, بدّ (bidd) has no inherent meaning and can never be used entirely by itself.

Inflection

Inflected forms of بد
Base form					بدّ (bidd)
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		بدّي (biddi)		بدنا (bidna)
2nd person		بدّك (biddak)	بدّك (biddek)	بدكم (bidkom)
3rd person		بدّه (biddo)	بدها (bidha)	بدهم (bidhom)

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian بد (bad). Unrelated to English bad.

Adjective

بد • (bad) (comparative بدتر, superlative بدترین, Hindi spelling बद)

1. bad
2. evil
3. wicked
4. inauspicious

Synonyms

• برا (burā)

Derived terms

• نظرِ بد (nazr-e bad, “evil eye, bad eye”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्ध (vṛndha).

Noun

بد • (bad) m (Hindi spelling बद)

1. bubo