بد
ArabicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the root ب د د (b-d-d). The meaning idol is from Persian بُتْ (bot).
NounEdit
بُدّ • (budd) m (plural بِدَدَة (bidada) or أَبْدَاد (ʾabdād))
- escape, means of avoiding something
- لَا بُدَّ مِن كَذَا
- lā budda min kaḏā
- there is no avoiding such a thing, such a thing is inevitable
- flight
- separation
- part, portion
- equivalent, substitute
- idol
DeclensionEdit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُدّ budd |
الْبُدّ al-budd |
بُدّ budd |
Nominative | بُدٌّ buddun |
الْبُدُّ al-buddu |
بُدُّ buddu |
Accusative | بُدًّا buddan |
الْبُدَّ al-budda |
بُدَّ budda |
Genitive | بُدٍّ buddin |
الْبُدِّ al-buddi |
بُدِّ buddi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُدَّيْن buddayn |
الْبُدَّيْن al-buddayn |
بُدَّيْ budday |
Nominative | بُدَّانِ buddāni |
الْبُدَّانِ al-buddāni |
بُدَّا buddā |
Accusative | بُدَّيْنِ buddayni |
الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni |
بُدَّيْ budday |
Genitive | بُدَّيْنِ buddayni |
الْبُدَّيْنِ al-buddayni |
بُدَّيْ budday |
Plural | broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a); basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بِدَدَة; أَبْدَاد bidada; ʾabdād |
الْبِدَدَة; الْأَبْدَاد al-bidada; al-ʾabdād |
بِدَدَة; أَبْدَاد bidadat; ʾabdād |
Nominative | بِدَدَةٌ; أَبْدَادٌ bidadatun; ʾabdādun |
الْبِدَدَةُ; الْأَبْدَادُ al-bidadatu; al-ʾabdādu |
بِدَدَةُ; أَبْدَادُ bidadatu; ʾabdādu |
Accusative | بِدَدَةً; أَبْدَادًا bidadatan; ʾabdādan |
الْبِدَدَةَ; الْأَبْدَادَ al-bidadata; al-ʾabdāda |
بِدَدَةَ; أَبْدَادَ bidadata; ʾabdāda |
Genitive | بِدَدَةٍ; أَبْدَادٍ bidadatin; ʾabdādin |
الْبِدَدَةِ; الْأَبْدَادِ al-bidadati; al-ʾabdādi |
بِدَدَةِ; أَبْدَادِ bidadati; ʾabdādi |
ReferencesEdit
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “بد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “بد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
North Levantine ArabicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).
PrepositionEdit
بد • (badd, bidd)
- want to
- بدي شوفك كل يوم، يا حبيبي
- Baddi šūfak kill yōm, ya ḥabībi.
- I want to see you every day, my dear.
- should; need
- شو بدنا نئللو؟
- Šu badna nʾil-lu?
- What should we tell him?
Usage notesEdit
- The past is formed by adding كان (kēn), which originally would be left unchanged, but is now equally commonly conjugated. Thus: كان بدي شوفك (kēn baddi šūfak) or كنت بدي شوفك (kint baddi šūfak), both “I wanted to see you.”
Ottoman TurkishEdit
EtymologyEdit
AdjectiveEdit
بد • (bed)
PashtoEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
بد • (bëd)
DeclensionEdit
AdverbEdit
بد • (bad)
PersianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Persian SLYA / wt' (wad, “bad, evil”), from Proto-Iranian *watah. Akin to Old Armenian վատ (vat), an Iranian borrowing. Unrelated to English bad, despite phonetic and semantic identity.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
بد • (bad) (comparative بدتَر (bad-tar), superlative بدتَرین (bad-tarin))
AntonymsEdit
- خوب (xub)
AdverbEdit
بد • (bad)
Derived termsEdit
- بدی (badi)
ReferencesEdit
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wad”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 85
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Persian -pt' (-bed), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Old Armenian պետ (pet), an Iranian borrowing), from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“master”).
NounEdit
بد • (-bad, -bed, -bod)
ReferencesEdit
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “بد”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “-bed”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 18
South Levantine ArabicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Arabic بِوِدِّ (biwiddi).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
بدّ • (bidd-)
- (false verb) to want
- Synonym: حبّ (ḥabb)
- (false verb, by extension) to need
- Synonym: احتاج (iḥtāj)
- (auxiliary) will, going to
- Synonym: رح (raḥ)
Usage notesEdit
- Similar to terms like عند (ʕind, “to have”), the term بدّ (bidd) is "conjugated" with enclitic pronouns. Unlike عند (ʕind), however, بدّ (bidd) has no inherent meaning and can never be used entirely by itself.
InflectionEdit
Inflected forms of بد | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | بدّ (bidd) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | بدّي (biddi) | بدنا (bidna) | |||
2nd person | بدّك (biddak) | بدّك (biddek) | بدكم (bidkom) | ||
3rd person | بدّه (biddo) | بدها (bidha) | بدهم (bidhom) |
UrduEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed from Persian بد (bad).
AdjectiveEdit
بد • (bad) (Hindi spelling बद)
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit वृन्ध (vṛndha).