See also: , , and

U+5186, 円
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5186

[U+5185]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5187]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Japan)
 
Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 13, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY) or 月中一 (BLM), composition or )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 128, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1513
  • Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 96, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+5186


Chinese

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Etymology 1

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“circle; circular; round; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms yen Cantonese

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese (えん) (en).

Pronunciation

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Note: rìyuán - reading it as 日圓.
Note: pronunciation borrowed directly from Japanese.

Definitions

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  1. Synonym of 日元 (rìyuán, Japanese yen)
Synonyms
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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Glyph origin

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Japanese simplification of , via a simplified character similar to 𠮚.[1]

Specifically, starting in the beginning of the Meiji period, the in the middle of the character was abbreviated to 丨 in handwriting. As time went on, the bottom stroke of 囗 gradually rose, until by the time of the adoption of the shinjitai characters, it had reached or even surpassed the box's centre.

Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

  1. circle
  2. yen

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
えん
Grade: 1
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)
  on Japanese Wikipedia
 円 (数学) on Japanese Wikipedia
 円 (通貨) on Japanese Wikipedia

/wen//eɴ/

From Middle Chinese (MC zjwen|hjwen), with the original sense of "circle, roundness".

The yen sense came much later in the Meiji period, from Chinese (yuán), itself from 銀圓银圆 (yínyuán, round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight). Compare Chinese (yuán, yuan) and Korean (won, Korean won). Doublet of (gen, yuan (Chinese currency)), ユアン (yuan, yuan (Chinese currency)), and ウォン (won, won (Korean currency)).

The yen became the official currency of Japan in 1871, succeeding the (ryō) and the (mon).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(えん) (enゑん (wen)?

  1. a round or circular object; a circle; roundness
  2. (mathematics) circle (set of all points in plane at a given distance and at a given point)
    Synonym: 円周 (enshū)
  3. yen
    one yen is equal to 100 (sen)
    Synonym: 円貨 (enka)
    • 1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ミニチュア製造カメラ [Miniature-Generating Camera]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・F・不二雄 SF全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 322:
      (いち)(おく)(えん)⁉いらん(かえ)
      Ichioku-en⁉ Iran kaere
      100 million yen!? Get outta here!
      (いっ)(せん)(まん)(えん)でいい (ひゃく)(まん)(えん)(じゅう)(まん)(えん)(いち)(まん)(えん)
      Issenman-en de ii Hyakuman-en! Jūman-en! Ichiman-en!
      Okay, 10 million yen then. 1 million! 100,000! 10,000!
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Chinese:
  • English: yen
    • Vietnamese: yên
  • French: yen
  • German: Yen
  • Greek: γιεν (gien)
  • Korean: (en)
  • Portuguese: iene
  • Russian: иена (ijena)
  • Thai: เยน (yeen)
See also
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Affix

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(えん) (enゑん (wen)?

  1. circular; round
  2. smooth; harmonious
  3. yen: the official currency of Japan
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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(えん) (Enゑん (wen)?

  1. a surname
  2. a female given name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
まろ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

⟨maro2/maro/

From Old Japanese.

Noun

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(まろ) (maro

  1. (archaic) Alternative spelling of (roundness, plumpness)
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
まる
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

/maro//maru/

Sound shift from maro above.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(まる) (maru

  1. Alternative spelling of (circle)
Derived terms
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Prefix

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(まる) (maru-

  1. Alternative spelling of : prefix to numbers remaining constant
  2. Alternative spelling of : prefix to noun to mean an object is completely in that noun

Proper noun

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(まる) (Maru

  1. a unisex given name

Etymology 4

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Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

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(のどか) or (つぶら) or (まどか) or (まろか) or (みつ) or (めぐる) (Nodoka or Tsubura or Madoka or Maroka or Mitsu or Meguru

  1. a female given name

Proper noun

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(つぶら) or (まどか) or (まとめ) (Tsubura or Madoka or Matome

  1. a surname

Proper noun

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(まろし) (Maroshi

  1. a unisex given name

References

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  1. ^ Toshinobu Sakaida, 円(圓)の異体字
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Hanja

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(eum (en))

  1. hanja for names[1][2]

Usage notes

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This is the only character whose pronunciation is from modern Japanese, not from Classical Chinese.

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: viên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.