円

See also: 圓, 圆, and 靑

円	U+5186, 円 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5186

← 内
[U+5185]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冇 →
[U+5187]

Translingual edit

Stroke order (Japan)

Traditional	圓
Shinjitai	円
Simplified	圆

Han character edit

円 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 月卜 (BY) or 月中一 (BLM), composition ⿵冂丄 or ⿵冂亠)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 128, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1513
Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 96, character 18
Unihan data for U+5186

Chinese edit

Etymology 1 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 円 – see 圓 (“circle; circular; round; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 圓).

Etymology 2 edit

simp. and trad.		円

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 円(えん) (en).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuán, rìyuán (yuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ, ㄖˋ ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun², jen¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶gnioe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Yale: ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rìyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rìhyuán
  - Wade–Giles: jih⁴-yüan²
  - Yale: r̀-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ryhyuan
  - Palladius: жиюань (žijuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

Note: rìyuán - reading it as 日圓.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun², jen¹
  - Yale: yún, colloquial sounds not defined
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn², jen¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun², colloquial sounds not defined
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn³⁵/, /jɛːn⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶gnioe
  - MiniDict: nyoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyyoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/

Definitions edit

円

Synonym of 日元 (rìyuán, “Japanese yen”)

Japanese edit

Shinjitai	円
Kyūjitai	圓

Glyph origin edit

Japanese simplification of 圓, via a simplified character similar to 𠮚.^[1]

Specifically, starting in the beginning of the Meiji period, the 員 in the middle of the character was abbreviated to 丨 in handwriting. As time went on, the bottom stroke of 囗 gradually rose, until by the time of the adoption of the shinjitai characters, it had reached or even surpassed the box's centre.

Kanji edit

円

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 圓)

circle
yen

Readings edit

Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
Kun: つぶら (tsubura, 円ら); つぶらか (tsuburaka, 円らか); まと (mato); まどか (madoka, 円か); まどやか (madoyaka, 円やか); まる (maru, 円); まるい (marui, 円い, Jōyō); まるめる (marumeru, 円める); まろ (maro, 円); まろい (maroi, 円い); まろかす (marokasu, 円かす); まろかる (marokaru, 円かる); まろぐ (marogu, 円ぐ); まろむ (maromu, 円む); まろめる (maromeru, 円める); まろやか (maroyaka, 円やか); まろらか (maroraka, 円らか)
Nanori: つぶら (tsubura); のぶ (nobu); まどか (madoka); みつ (mitsu)

Compounds edit

円(まど)居(い) (madoi)

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
円
えん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

円 on Japanese Wikipedia

円 (数学) on Japanese Wikipedia

円 (通貨) on Japanese Wikipedia

/wen/ → /eɴ/

From Middle Chinese 圓 (MC zjwen|hjwen), with the original sense of "circle, roundness".

The yen sense came much later in the Meiji period, from Chinese 圓／圆 (yuán), itself from 銀圓／银圆 (yínyuán, “round silver object(s), especially a piece of eight”). Compare Chinese 元 (yuán, “yuan”) and Korean 원 (won, “Korean won”). Doublet of 元 (gen, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), ユアン (yuan, “yuan (Chinese currency)”), and ウォン (won, “won (Korean currency)”).

The yen became the official currency of Japan in 1871, succeeding the 両 (ryō) and the 文 (mon).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) えん [éꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Noun edit

円(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

a round or circular object; a circle; roundness
(mathematics) circle (set of all points in plane at a given distance and at a given point)
Synonym: 円周 (enshū)
yen
one yen is equal to 100 銭 (sen)

Synonym: 円貨 (enka)
- 1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ミニチュア製造カメラ [Miniature-Generating Camera]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 322:
  
  一(いち)億(おく)円(えん)⁉いらん帰(かえ)れ
  Ichioku-en⁉ Iran kaere
  100 million yen!? Get outta here!
  一(いっ)千(せん)万(まん)円(えん)でいい　百(ひゃく)万(まん)円(えん)！十(じゅう)万(まん)円(えん)！一(いち)万(まん)円(えん)！
  Issenman-en de ii Hyakuman-en! Jūman-en! Ichiman-en!
  Okay, 10 million yen then. 1 million! 100,000! 10,000!

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

(circle):
(yen):
- 円(えん)高(だか) (endaka, “strong yen”)
- 円(えん)安(やす) (en'yasu, “weak yen”)
- 円(えん)為(かわ)替(せ) (en-kawase, “yen exchange”)
- 円(えん)価(か) (enka, “yen value”)
- 円(えん)貨(か) (enka)
- 円(えん)記(き)号(ごう) (en kigō, the yen symbol, ¥)
- 円(えん)借(しゃっ)款(かん) (en shakkan)
- 円(えん)相(そう)場(ば) (en sōba, “yen exchange rate”)
- 円(えん)建(だ)て (en-date)

Descendants edit

→ Chinese: 円
→ English: yen
- → Vietnamese: yên
→ French: yen
→ German: Yen
→ Greek: γιεν (gien)
→ Korean: 엔 (en)
→ Portuguese: iene
→ Russian: иена (ijena)
→ Thai: เยน (yeen)

Affix edit

円(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

円(えん)運(うん)動(どう) (en undō, “circular motion”)
円(えん)蓋(がい) (engai, “dome”)
円(えん)滑(かつ) (enkatsu)
円(えん)罐(かま) (enkama)
円(えん)環(かん) (enkan)
円(えん)規(き) (enki, “compass (drawing tool)”)
円(えん)丘(きゅう) (enkyū)
円(えん)鏡(きょう) (enkyō)
円(えん)形(けい) (enkei)
円(えん)弧(こ) (enko)
円(えん)光(こう) (enkō)
円(えん)寂(じゃく) (enjaku)
円(えん)周(しゅう) (enshū, “circle”)
円(えん)熟(じゅく) (enjuku)
円(えん)心(しん) (enshin)
円(えん)陣(じん) (enjin)
円(えん)錐(すい) (ensui)
円(えん)窓(そう) (ensō)
円(えん)卓(たく) (entaku)
円(えん)柱(ちゅう) (enchū)
円(えん)虫(ちゅう)類(るい) (enchūrui)
円(えん)頂(ちょう) (enchō)
円(えん)転(てん) (enten)
円(えん)筒(とう) (entō)
円(えん)盤(ばん) (enban)
円(えん)舞(ぶ) (enbu)
円(えん)墳(ぷん) (enpun)
円(えん)偏(へん)光(こう) (en henkō)
円(えん)本(ぽん) (Enpon)
円(えん)満(まん) (enman)
円(えん)顱(ろ) (enro)
一(いち)円(えん) (ichien)
団(だん)円(えん) (dan'en)
楕(だ)円(えん), 橢(だ)円(えん) (daen), 長(ちょう)円(えん) (chōen, “oval, ellipse”)
方(ほう)円(えん) (hōen)
遊(ゆう)動(どう)円(えん)木(ぼく) (yūdōenboku)
卵(らん)円(えん)孔(こう) (ran'enkō)

Proper noun edit

円(えん) • (En) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

a surname
a female given name

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
円
まろ Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

⟨maro₂⟩ → /maro/

From Old Japanese.

Noun edit

円(まろ) • (maro)

(archaic) Alternative spelling of 丸 (“roundness, plumpness”)

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

円(まろ)し (maroshi), 円(まろ)い (maroi, “round”)
円(まろ)み (maromi)

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
円
まる Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
圓 (kyūjitai)

/maro/ → /maru/

Sound shift from maro above.

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) まる [màrú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ma̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

円(まる) • (maru)

Alternative spelling of 丸 (“circle”)

Derived terms edit

Prefix edit

円(まる) • (maru-)

Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to numbers remaining constant
Alternative spelling of 丸: prefix to noun to mean an object is completely in that noun

Proper noun edit

円(まる) • (Maru)

a unisex given name

Etymology 4 edit

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun edit

円(のどか) or 円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まろか) or 円(みつ) or 円(めぐる) • (Nodoka or Tsubura or Madoka or Maroka or Mitsu or Meguru)

a female given name

Proper noun edit

円(つぶら) or 円(まどか) or 円(まとめ) • (Tsubura or Madoka or Matome)

a surname

Proper noun edit

円(まろし) • (Maroshi)

a unisex given name

References edit

^ Toshinobu Sakaida, 円（圓）の異体字
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
円

Hanja edit

円 (eum 엔 (en))

hanja for names^[1]^[2]

Usage notes edit

This is the only character whose pronunciation is from modern Japanese, not from Classical Chinese.

References edit

^ 인명용 한자표
^ 엔, 한자사전

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

円: Hán Nôm readings: viên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Toshinobu Sakaida, 円（圓）の異体字

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] 인명용 한자표

[4] 엔, 한자사전

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

円

Translingual edit

Han character edit

References edit

Chinese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

Japanese edit

Glyph origin edit

Kanji edit

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

See also edit

Affix edit

Derived terms edit

Proper noun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Prefix edit

Proper noun edit

Etymology 4 edit

Proper noun edit

Proper noun edit

Proper noun edit

References edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

Usage notes edit

References edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit