Wiktionary

丸

See also: 九 and 丮
丸 U+4E38, 丸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38
← 丷
[U+4E37] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丹 →
[U+4E39]

丸 U+2F801, 丸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801
← 丽
[U+2F800] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 乁 →
[U+2F802]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

丸 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition ⿻九丶(GJKV) or ⿵九丶(HT))

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 80, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 42, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+4E38

ChineseEdit

trad. 丸
simp. # 丸
alternative forms 𠁽

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 丸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Small seal script
 

s06805

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L31714

 

L31715

 

L06169

 

L06170

 

L06171

 

L06172

 

L06173

 

L06174

 

L06175

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
骫 *qʷralʔ
丸 *ɡʷaːn
紈 *ɡʷaːn
芄 *ɡʷaːn
汍 *ɡʷaːn
肒 *ɡʷaːns

Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from 仄 (“to tilt”) flipped – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.

Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮.

Etymology 1Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any relation to 圓?”)

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • oân - literary;
  • îⁿ - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 丸
    Mandarin Beijing /uan³⁵/
    Harbin /uan²⁴/
    Tianjin /van⁴⁵/
    Jinan /vã⁴²/
    Qingdao /vã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uan⁴²/
    Xi'an /uã²⁴/
    Xining /uã²⁴/
    Yinchuan /van⁵³/
    Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /van⁵¹/
    Wuhan /uan²¹³/ 藥～子
    /yɛn²¹³/ 肉～子
    Chengdu /uan³¹/
    Guiyang /uan²¹/
    Kunming /uã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /uaŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /ʊ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /væ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /uɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /væ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦuø²³/
    Suzhou /ɦuø¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /jy³¹/
    Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
    Xiangtan /yẽ¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /yɵn⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn³⁵/
    Nanning /yn²¹/
    Hong Kong /jyn³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /uan³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uoŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /yiŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ĩ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /zuaŋ³¹/
    Rime
    Character 丸
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 胡官切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦuɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwan/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣuɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣuɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wun4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 丸 丸
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wán wán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwan › ‹ hwan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]ʷˁar/ /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
    English pellet; ball 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 丸
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12608
    Phonetic
    component         		丸
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		桓
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡʷaːn/

    DefinitionsEdit

    丸

    1. small round object; ball; pellet
      肉丸  ―  ròuwán  ―  meatball
    2. (medicine) pill
    3. (obsolete) egg (of a bird)
    4. (obsolete) to roll into a ball
    5. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.
    6. a surname

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 丸

    Etymology 2Edit

    PronunciationEdit

    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 丸
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
    English 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    DefinitionsEdit

    丸

    1. Used in 烏丸／乌丸.

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    丸

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. circle
    2. round
    3. whole
    4. pill

    ReadingsEdit

    (Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    丸
    まる
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/

    Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).[1]

    Alternative formsEdit

    • (round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness): 円

    PronunciationEdit

    • Pitch accent for prefix unknown.

    NounEdit

    丸(まる) • (maru) 

    1. any round object:
      1. a circle
      2. a sphere, ball
      3. (by extension) any non-perfectly round objects, such as an oval
      4. the "○" symbol, equivalent to a check mark in some other languages
      5. (by extension) something correct, good, or right
    2. (colloquial) money
      Synonym: 金銭 (kinsen)
    3. enclosure inside a castle's walls
    4. (colloquial) the 。 mark, or 句点 (kuten, “full stop, period”)
    5. (colloquial) the ゜ mark, or 半濁点 (handakuten, “semi-voicing mark”)
    6. the circular outline of a Japanese crest
    7. (Kansai) a soft-shell turtle
      Synonym: 鼈 (suppon)
    8. term relating to completeness:
      1. fullness, wholeness
      2. meeting specific conditions
    9. a Japanese unit of weight
      1 maru is equal to 50 斤 (kin), approximately 30 kilograms
    10. a Japanese unit of counting washi
    11. a day where prices are doubled in a red-light district
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    PrefixEdit

    丸(まる) • (maru-) 

    1. whole, complete
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    SuffixEdit

    丸(まる) • (-maru) 

    1. suffix for ship names

    Proper nounEdit

    丸(まる) • (Maru) 

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    丸
    まる
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    SuffixEdit

    丸(まる) • (-maru) 

    1. Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): attaches to names of persons or objects expressing dearness

    PronounEdit

    丸(まる) • (maru) 

    1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): first-person singular, I, me

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    丸
    まろ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/

    From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.

    AdjectiveEdit

    丸(まろ) • (maro) †-nari

    1. round
    2. plump and thick
    3. all, whole
      Synonym: 全部 (zenbu)

    NounEdit

    丸(まろ) • (maro) 

    1. a round object
    2. all, whole
    3. coins, money
      Synonym: 銭 (zeni)
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Proper nounEdit

    丸(まろ) • (Maro) 

    1. a surname

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    丸
    がん
    Grade: 2
    on’yomi

    /ɡwan/ → /ɡan/

    From Middle Chinese 丸 (MC ɦuɑn).

    PronunciationEdit

    AffixEdit

    丸(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

    1. round; circular

    NounEdit

    丸(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

    1. a meatball, fishball
    2. a pill
      Synonym: 丸薬 (gan'yaku)

    Proper nounEdit

    丸(がん) • (Gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

    1. a surname

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    丸 (eumhun 둥글 환 (dunggeul hwan))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    ReferencesEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    丸: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    ReferencesEdit

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