天竺
Chinese
editphonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (天竺) | 天 | 竺 | |
simp. #(天竺) | 天 | 竺 | |
alternative forms |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tin1 zuk1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Thian-tiok
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1thi-tsoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Tianjhú
- Wade–Giles: Tʻien1-chu2
- Yale: Tyān-jú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tianjwu
- Palladius: Тяньчжу (Tjanʹčžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tin1 zuk1
- Yale: tīn jūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: tin1 dzuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: tin1 zug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thian-tiok
- Tâi-lô: Thian-tiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiendiog
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ tiɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: then trjuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn tuɡ/
Etymology 1
editFirst recorded use in the Book of Later Han, compiled in the 5th century. Itself a transcription of Old Persian [script needed] (*Hinduka-) (Pulleyblank, 1962, Coblin, 1983), hypocoristic of 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hinduš, “people living beyond the Indus”). Compare 身毒 (Juāndú).
Proper noun
edit天竺
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editDescendants
edit- → Japanese: 天竺 (tenjiku)
- → Okinawan: 天竺 (tinjiku)
- → Korean: 천축(天竺) (cheonchuk)
- → Vietnamese: Thiên Trúc (天竺)
Etymology 2
editPer 《北京市顺义县地名志》:
In Liao dynasty, there is a place named 天柱莊:
- https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B740: 順州,歸化軍,中,刺史。……城東北有華林、天柱二莊,遼建涼殿,春賞花,夏納涼。
In Qing dynasty, the village is renamed to 天竺, since they have similar pronunciation.
Proper noun
edit天竺
- (~地區) Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 竺 |
てん Grade: 1 |
じく Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
editEtymology 1
edit/tendiku/ → /tend͡ʑiku/
From Middle Chinese 天竺 (MC then trjuwk), a transcription from either of the following:
- Old Persian *Hind-uka ("people living beyond the Indus") an alternative of *Hinduš (“Indus, people of the Indus”)
- Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu, “the country of the Indus river, India (later, after Herodotus)”)[3]
First mentioned in the 後漢書 (Gokansho, “Book of the Later Han”), in volume 88, the 西域伝 (Saiiki Den, “Treatise on the Western Regions”).
Proper noun
edit天竺 • (Tenjiku) ←てんぢく (tendiku)?
Synonyms
editPrefix
edit天竺 • (Tenjiku) ←てんぢく (tendiku)?
Usage notes
editThe prefix senses appear to have arisen after European traders arrived in Japan, by way of India.[3]
Derived terms
edit- 天竺葵 (Tenjiku aoi): an “Indian hollyhock or mallow” → a geranium
- 天竺織 (tenjiku ori): “Indian weaving” → a kind of thick woven cloth featuring various designs of birds, people, and other motifs
- 天竺花 (Tenjiku ka): an “Indian flower” → alternate for 萩 (hagi, “bush clover”)
- 天竺楽 (Tenjiku gaku): “Indian music” → those pieces of 雅楽 (gagaku, “ancient court music”) originating from India
- 天竺鮫 (Tenjiku-zame): an “Indian shark” → a wobbegong, a shark of family Orectolobidae
- 天竺鯛 (Tenjiku-dai): an “Indian sea bream” → a kind of cardinalfish, Apogon lineatus
- 天竺茄子 (Tenjiku nasubi): “Indian eggplant” → alternate for 朝鮮朝顔 (Chōsen asagao, literally “Korean morning glory”): the devil's trumpet or metel, Datura metel
- 天竺鼠 (Tenjiku nezumi): an “Indian rat” → a guinea pig, a cavy
- 天竺醤 (Tenjiku hishio): “Indian sauce” → a kind of spicy uncooked miso
- 天竺菩提樹 (Tenjiku bodaiju): “Indian linden tree” → the bodhi tree, Ficus religiosa
- 天竺牡丹 (Tenjiku botan): an “Indian peony” → a dahlia
- 天竺豆 (Tenjiku mame): “Indian bean” → alternate for 八升豆 (hasshō mame): the velvet bean, Mucuna pruriens
- 天竺守 (Tenjiku mamori): “Indian protector, Indian charm” → alternate for 八房 (yatsubusa), the fasciculatum variety of Capsicum annuum (chili pepper)
- 天竺味噌 (Tenjiku miso): “Indian miso” → spicy miso
- 天竺木綿 (Tenjiku momen): “Indian cotton” → thickly woven cotton sheeting
- 天竺様 (Tenjiku yō): “Indian style” → a style of Buddhist temple architecture imported from the Southern Song Dynasty during the Kamakura period
Etymology 2
editBy extension from the 天 character (“sky, heavens”), and possibly by association with the Himalayas.
Noun
editDerived terms
edit- 天竺豆 (tenjiku mame): “sky bean” → alternate for 空豆 (sora mame): the broad bean or fava bean, Vicia faba
- 天竺浪人 (tenjiku rōnin): a vagrant, a wanderer (The 天竺 portion of this term is purely slang, a play on the term 逐電 (chikuden, “running away, absconding”, literally “chasing lightning”).)
References
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 竺 |
Proper noun
editVietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 竺 |
Proper noun
edit天竺
- chữ Hán form of Thiên Trúc (“India”).
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 天
- Chinese terms spelled with 竺
- Chinese terms derived from Old Persian
- Chinese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 天 read as てん
- Japanese terms spelled with 竺 read as じく
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Persian
- Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese prefixes
- Japanese nouns
- Korean lemmas
- Korean proper nouns
- Korean proper nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese proper nouns
- Vietnamese proper nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán