悶

See also: 闷

悶	U+60B6, 悶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60B6

← 悵
[U+60B5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

悷 →
[U+60B7]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

悶 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓心 (ANP), four-corner 7733₇, composition ⿵門心)

Derived characters edit

䉍

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1333, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10729
Dae Jaweon: page 722, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4291, character 4
Unihan data for U+60B6

Chinese edit

trad.		悶
simp.		闷
alternative forms		惛

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蔄	roːs, mruːns
闅	min, mrɯn, *mɯn
閩	mrɯn, mɯn
蕄	mɯːŋ, mrɯːŋ
門	*mɯːn
捫	*mɯːn
悶	*mɯːns
聞	mɯn, mɯns
閿	*mɯn
問	*mɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːns) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 心

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark”) (STEDT). Cognate with 昏 (OC *hmɯːn, “dusk; dark”), Tibetan མུན་པ (mun pa, “darkness”), Burmese မှုန် (hmun, “dim; gloomy”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mèn, mēn (men⁴, men¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄣˋ, ㄇㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mun⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mun
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): būn

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhung⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹men

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mèn
  - Wade–Giles: mên⁴
  - Yale: mèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menn
  - Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: men
  - Wade–Giles: mên¹
  - Yale: mēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mhen
  - Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən⁵⁵/

Note:

mèn - literal (“bored, gloomy, depressed”);
mēn - vernacular (“stuffy”).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mun⁶
  - Yale: muhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mun⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mun⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mun
  - Hakka Romanization System: mun
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mun⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mun⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: būn
  - Tâi-lô: būn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bun²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bun³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhung⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: būng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /buŋ¹¹/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹men
  - MiniDict: 'men^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹'men
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mən⁵³/

Middle Chinese: mwonH

Rime
Character	悶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫困切
Baxter	mwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muən^H/
Pan Wuyun	/muon^H/
Shao Rongfen	/muən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwən^H/
Li Rong	/muən^H/
Wang Li	/muən^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/muən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mɯːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悶
Reading #	1/1
No.	8962
Phonetic component	門
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	悶
Old Chinese	/*mɯːns/

Definitions edit

悶

Compounds edit

References edit

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01384

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 悶

悶

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

Go-on: もん (mon)
Kan-on: ぼん (bon)
Kun: もだえる (modaeru, 悶える)^{←もだえる (modaeru, 悶える, historical)}^{←もだ𛀁る (modayeru, 悶𛀁る, ancient)}

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
悶
もん Hyōgaiji
goon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) もん [móꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mõ̞ɴ]

Noun edit

悶(もん) • (mon)

agony

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

悶 (eumhun 답답할 민 (dapdaphal min))

Hanja form^? of 민 (“agony”).

Compounds edit

고민 (苦悶, gomin, “agony, anguish, worry, trouble”)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

悶: Hán Việt readings: muộn^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8], môn^[5]
悶: Nôm readings: muốn^[1]^[7]^[8], mụn^[2]

chữ Hán form of muộn (“sad, sorrowful”).
Nôm form of muốn (“to want, to desire”).

References edit

Nom Foundation

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