Wiktionary

昏

See also: 𠯑 and 昬
昏 U+660F, 昏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-660F
← 明
[U+660E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 昐 →
[U+6610]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

昏 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹心日 (HPA), four-corner 72604, composition ⿱氏日)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 491, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13806
  • Dae Jaweon: page 854, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1492, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+660F

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 昏
alternative forms 昬
𣄾
𣄼

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (昏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鍲 *mrɯn
抿 *mrɯn, *mrɯn, *mrɯnʔ
緡 *mrɯn
捪 *mrɯnʔ
湣 *mrɯnʔ
昏 *hmɯːn
婚 *hmɯːn
閽 *hmɯːn
惛 *hmɯːn, *hmɯːnʔ, *hmɯːns
棔 *hmɯːn
殙 *hmɯːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 氏 + 日 (“sun”), or abbreviated 氐 + 日 (“sun”).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark”). Cognate with 悶 (OC *mɯːns, “bored; depressed”), Tibetan མུན་པ (mun pa, “darkness”), Burmese မှုန် (hmun, “dim; gloomy”).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • hun - literary;
  • hng/huiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • hung1 - literary;
  • hng1/hên1 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 昏
Mandarin Beijing /xuən⁵⁵/
Harbin /xuən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /xuən²¹/
Jinan /xuẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /xuə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /xuən²⁴/
Xi'an /xuẽ²¹/
Xining /xuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /xũn³¹/
Ürümqi /xuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /xuən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /xuən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /xuen⁵⁵/
Kunming /xuə̃/
Nanjing /xun³¹/
Hefei /xuən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /xuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /xũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /huəŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /huən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /hun³³/
Wenzhou /ɕy³³/
Hui Shexian /xuʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /xuɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /fən³³/
Xiangtan /ɸən³³/
Gan Nanchang /fɨn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /fun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /fun²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐn⁵³/
Nanning /wɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /fɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hun⁵⁵/
/hŋ̍⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /huŋ³³/
/hŋ̍³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hun²³/
/hui²³/
Rime
Character 昏
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼昆切
Baxter xwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/huən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/huon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwən/
Li
Rong 		/xuən/
Wang
Li 		/xuən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hūn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 昏
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hūn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m̥ˁu[n]/
English dusk, dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 昏
Reading # 1/1
No. 5529
Phonetic
component 		昏
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		昏
Old
Chinese 		/*hmɯːn/

Definitions edit

昏

  1. dusk; nightfall; twilight; dark
  2. confused; dizzy; dazed; muddled
  3. to faint; to lose consciousness
  4. Alternative form of 婚 (hūn, “to marry”)

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

昏

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. dark
  2. evening, dusk

Readings edit

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 昏 (MC xwon). Recorded as Middle Korean 혼 (hwon) (Yale: hwon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

昏 (eumhun 어두울 혼 (eoduul hon))

  1. Hanja form? of 혼 (“dark; dusk”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

昏: Hán Nôm readings: hôn, hon

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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