慨

慨 U+6168, 慨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6168 ← 慧 [U+6167] CJK Unified Ideographs 慩 → [U+6169]

慨 U+FA3E, 慨 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA3E ← 悔 [U+FA3D] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 憎 → [U+FA3F]

Translingual

Han character

慨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9 in Chinese, 心+10 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 心日戈山 (PAIU), four-corner 9101₄, composition ⿰忄既)

Derived characters

• 𡁙

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11122
• Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2331, character 12
• Unihan data for U+6168

• Unihan data for U+FA3E

Chinese

trad.		慨
simp. #		慨
alternative forms		嘅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (旡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
溉	*kɯːds, *kɯds
槩	*kɯːds
概	*kɯːds
摡	*kɯːds, *qʰɯds
慨	*kʰɯːds
嘅	*kʰɯːds
穊	*krɯds
暨	*ɡrɯds, *kɯds, *krɯd
鱀	*ɡrɯds, *ɡɯs
塈	*ɡrɯds, *qʰɯds
既	*kɯds
旡	*kɯds
蔇	*kɯds
炁	*kʰɯds
櫭	*ɡrad
曁	*kɯd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯːds): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 既 (OC *kɯds).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎi (kai³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): koi², koi³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khói
• Min Dong (BUC): kái
• Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): khài
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁵khe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai³
    • Yale: kǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
    • Palladius: кай (kaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: koi², koi³
    • Yale: kói, koi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koi², koi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: koi², koi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːi̯³⁵/, /kʰɔːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khói
    • Hakka Romanization System: koi`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: koi³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kái
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑi²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khài
    • Tâi-lô: khài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai²¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁵khe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ²khe
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰe̞³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: khojH

Rime
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦蓋切
Baxter	khojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəjH/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀiH/
Wang Li	/kʰɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤə[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kài
Middle Chinese	‹ khojH ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁə[t]-s/
English	disappointed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慨
Reading #	1/1
No.	5814
Phonetic component	旡
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	磕
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːds/

Definitions

慨

1. indignant; resentful
2. generous; impassioned; vehement
3. with emotion
4. to rue; to be sad

Compounds

• 悲歌慷慨
• 慨允
• 慨嘆／慨叹 (kǎitàn)
• 慨恨
• 慨慨
• 感慨 (gǎnkǎi)
• 慨想
• 感慨萬千／感慨万千
• 慨慷 (kǎikāng)
• 慨憤／慨愤
• 慨歎／慨叹 (kǎitàn)
• 慨然 (kǎirán)
• 慨然允諾／慨然允诺
• 慨然應允／慨然应允
• 慨然領諾／慨然领诺
• 慷他人之慨 (kāng tārén zhī kǎi)
• 慷慨 (kāngkǎi)
• 慷慨仗義／慷慨仗义
• 慷慨悲歌
• 慷慨捐生
• 慷慨擔承／慷慨担承
• 慷慨激昂 (kāngkǎijī'áng)
• 慷慨激烈
• 慷慨解囊 (kāngkǎijiěnáng)
• 慷慨赴義／慷慨赴义
• 慷慨陳詞／慷慨陈词
• 憤慨／愤慨 (fènkǎi)
• 激昂慷慨
• 軫慨／轸慨

 

References

• “慨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	慨
Kyūjitai	慨 慨 or 慨+︀?
	慨󠄁 慨+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	慨󠄈 慨+󠄈? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

慨

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 慨)

1. rue, lament, be sad
2. sigh

Readings

• Go-on: かい (kai)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)
• Kan’yō-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
• Kun: なげく (nageku, 慨く)

Korean

Hanja

慨 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慨: Hán Nôm readings: khái, khới

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.