hun
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
hun
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
hun (plural huns)
Etymology 2Edit
Short for Hungarian partridge.
NounEdit
hun (plural huns)
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
hun (plural huns)
- Alternative form of hoon (“Indian gold coin”)
AnagramsEdit
Alemannic GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German hunt, from Old High German hunt, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz. Cognate with German Hund, Dutch hond, English hound, Icelandic hundur.
NounEdit
hun m
ReferencesEdit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
BretonEdit
NounEdit
hun ?
CatalanEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
hun m (plural huns, feminine huna)
Further readingEdit
- “hun” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “hun”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “hun” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse *ᚺᚨᚾᚢ (*hanu), the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of *ᚺᚨᚾᚨᛉ (*hanaʀ) (= Danish han (“he”), Old Norse hann).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
hun (objective case hende, possessive hendes)
- (personal) she
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common(noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter(noun) | det | dets | |||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
ReferencesEdit
- “hun,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
NounEdit
hun c (singular definite hunnen, plural indefinite hunner)
InflectionEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “hun,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronounEdit
hun (personal)
- The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them.
- (proscribed) The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them.
Usage notesEdit
The difference between hen (as direct object) and hun (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns.
In practice, hen and hun have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use one over the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example:
- Hij heeft hun verraden. (“He has betrayed them.”)
- Ze zijn met hun uitgegaan. (“They have gone out with them.”)
- Ik heb het hen gegeven. (“I have given it to them.”)
When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced form ze:
- Hij heeft ze verraden.
- Ze zijn met ze uitgegaan.
- Ik heb het ze gegeven.
For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.
PronounEdit
hun (personal) (dependent possessive) (independent possessive hunne)
- The third-person plural possessive pronoun: their.
- Ken je hun broer?
- Do you know their brother?
InflectionEdit
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun ("them") + lieden or lui (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze ("they") + hun ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.
PronounEdit
hun (personal)
- (proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people).
Usage notesEdit
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed from Latin Hunni.[1][2]
AdjectiveEdit
hun (not comparable)
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | hun | hunok |
accusative | hunt | hunokat |
dative | hunnak | hunoknak |
instrumental | hunnal | hunokkal |
causal-final | hunért | hunokért |
translative | hunná | hunokká |
terminative | hunig | hunokig |
essive-formal | hunként | hunokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | hunban | hunokban |
superessive | hunon | hunokon |
adessive | hunnál | hunoknál |
illative | hunba | hunokba |
sublative | hunra | hunokra |
allative | hunhoz | hunokhoz |
elative | hunból | hunokból |
delative | hunról | hunokról |
ablative | huntól | hunoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
huné | hunoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
hunéi | hunokéi |
NounEdit
hun (plural hunok)
- Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe)
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | hun | hunok |
accusative | hunt | hunokat |
dative | hunnak | hunoknak |
instrumental | hunnal | hunokkal |
causal-final | hunért | hunokért |
translative | hunná | hunokká |
terminative | hunig | hunokig |
essive-formal | hunként | hunokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | hunban | hunokban |
superessive | hunon | hunokon |
adessive | hunnál | hunoknál |
illative | hunba | hunokba |
sublative | hunra | hunokra |
allative | hunhoz | hunokhoz |
elative | hunból | hunokból |
delative | hunról | hunokról |
ablative | huntól | hunoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
huné | hunoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
hunéi | hunokéi |
Possessive forms of hun | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | hunom | hunjaim |
2nd person sing. | hunod | hunjaid |
3rd person sing. | hunja | hunjai |
1st person plural | hununk | hunjaink |
2nd person plural | hunotok | hunjaitok |
3rd person plural | hunjuk | hunjaik |
Etymology 2Edit
From hol.
AdverbEdit
hun
Derived termsEdit
- sehun (dialectal)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ hun in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ hun in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further readingEdit
- (Hun, Hunnic): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (where [dialectal]): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Iu MienEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
hun
LabelEdit
EtymologyEdit
Compare Tolai vudu and Patpatar hudu.
NounEdit
hun
ReferencesEdit
MalayEdit
NounEdit
hun (plural hun-hun, informal 1st possessive hunku, 2nd possessive hunmu, 3rd possessive hunnya)
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
hun (hun5 / hun0, Zhuyin ˙ㄏㄨㄣ)
- Nonstandard spelling of hūn.
- Nonstandard spelling of hún.
- Nonstandard spelling of hǔn.
- Nonstandard spelling of hùn.
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle EnglishEdit
NounEdit
hun
- Alternative form of hund (“hundred”)
Middle WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
hun
- h-prothesized form of un
Min NanEdit
For pronunciation and definitions of hun – see 分 (“to divide; to separate; to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot; etc.”). (This character, hun, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 分.) |
MizoEdit
NounEdit
hun
North FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian hond. Cognates include Mooring North Frisian hönj and West Frisian hân.
NounEdit
hun f (plural hunen)
- (Föhr-Amrum) (anatomy) hand
- a rocht(er)/lacht(er) hun
- the right/left hand
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Danish hun, from Old Norse hón.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
hun (accusative henne, genitive hennes)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | – | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | – | dere | deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse húnn (“a die”).
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural huner, definite plural hunene)
- back board
ReferencesEdit
- “hun” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse húnn (“bear cub”),[1] from Proto-Germanic *hūnaz.
NounEdit
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Norse húnn (“die”).[1]
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
- back part of a log that might still be used as a plank
Etymology 3Edit
From Old Norse húnar, húnir pl.
NounEdit
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
- a Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe from Central Asia)
- Synonym: hunar
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “hun” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- ^ Language Council of Norway, Spelling decisions since 2012 (in Norwegian, retrieved 12.22.20)
- “hun”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
Old High GermanEdit
Proper nounEdit
hun
- manuscript spelling of Hūn, nominative singular of Hūni
Old PortugueseEdit
ArticleEdit
hun
- Alternative form of ũu
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French Huns, from Latin Hunni.
NounEdit
hun m (plural huni)
DeclensionEdit
TetumEdit
EtymologyEdit
From *pun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, compare Malay pohon.
NounEdit
hun
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Typical Central and Southern Vietnamese retention of medial *u, which often developed into ‹ô› (or ‹o›) in Northern dialects; later strengthened with the use of "slang" to avoid awkward situations. Compare rún vs. rốn, thúi vs. thối.
VerbEdit
- Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of to kiss
Usage notesEdit
- The Northern form with [o] is pretty much never used in daily speech by speakers of Central and Southern dialects, although they might choose to use it in formal writing.
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 熏 (SV: huân).
VerbEdit
- to smoke (to preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke)
Derived termsEdit
AnagramsEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /hɨːn/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /hiːn/
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Brythonic *hʉn, from Proto-Celtic *sounos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep”).
NounEdit
hun f (plural hunau, not mutable)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
The pronoun is a lexicalization of the mutated numeral.
NumeralEdit
hun
- h-prothesized form of un
PronounEdit
hun
- (with possessive article, North Wales) self
- ei hun ― himself, herself
- ein hun ― ourselves
Related termsEdit
- hunan (South Wales)
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
un | unchanged | unchanged | hun |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Yucatec MayaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Mayan *juun.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
hun
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 152: “Hun. Vno. 1.”
- Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN, pages 58, 203