Wiktionary

hun

See also: Appendix:Variations of "hun"

Translingual edit

Symbol edit

hun

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Hungarian.

English edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /hʌn/
  • Audio (Southern England)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌn

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

hun (plural huns)

  1. (informal) Alternative spelling of hon (“affectionate abbreviation of honey”)

Etymology 2 edit

Short for Hungarian partridge.

Noun edit

hun (plural huns)

  1. A grey partridge.

Etymology 3 edit

Noun edit

hun (plural huns)

  1. Alternative form of hoon (“Indian gold coin”)

Anagrams edit

Alemannic German edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Middle High German hunt, from Old High German hunt, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz. Cognate with German Hund, Dutch hond, English hound, Icelandic hundur.

Noun edit

hun m

  1. (Formazza) dog

References edit

Breton edit

Noun edit

hun ?

  1. sleep

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Hunni.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

hun m (plural huns, feminine huna)

  1. Hun

Related terms edit

Further reading edit

Danish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse *ᚺᚨᚾᚢ (*hanu), the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of *ᚺᚨᚾᚨᛉ (*hanaʀ) (= Danish han (“he”), Old Norse hann).

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

hun (objective case hende, possessive hendes)

  1. (personal) she

See also edit

Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common(noun) den dens
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

References edit

Noun edit

hun c (singular definite hunnen, plural indefinite hunner)

  1. female, she

Declension edit

Declension of hun
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hun hunnen hunner hunnerne
genitive huns hunnens hunners hunnernes

References edit

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronoun edit

hun (personal)

  1. The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them.
  2. (proscribed) The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them.
Usage notes edit

The difference between hen (as direct object) and hun (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns.

In practice, hen and hun have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use one over the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example:

  • Hij heeft hun verraden. (“He has betrayed them.”)
  • Ze zijn met hun uitgegaan. (“They have gone out with them.”)
  • Ik heb het hen gegeven. (“I have given it to them.”)

When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced form ze:

  • Hij heeft ze verraden.
  • Ze zijn met ze uitgegaan.
  • Ik heb het ze gegeven.

For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.

Pronoun edit

hun (personal) (dependent possessive) (independent possessive hunne)

  1. The third-person plural possessive pronoun: their.
    Ken je hun broer?
    Do you know their brother?
Inflection edit
Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe zich uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe zich uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). 		5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural.

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun ("them") + lieden or lui (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze ("they") + hun ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.

Pronoun edit

hun (personal)

  1. (proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people).
    Synonyms: zijlui, zijlieden
Usage notes edit
  • The use of hun as a subject is considered incorrect or substandard by most speakers, both in written and spoken language, and only occurs in the Netherlands.
  • For a 3rd person plural pronoun referring to people only, zijlui or zijlieden can be used instead.

Hokkien edit

For pronunciation and definitions of hun – see 分 (“to divide; to separate; to distribute; to allocate; to assign; to allot; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 分).

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Latin Hunni.[1][2]

Adjective edit

hun (not comparable)

  1. Hunnic, Hunnish (of or relating to the Huns)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative hun hunok
accusative hunt hunokat
dative hunnak hunoknak
instrumental hunnal hunokkal
causal-final hunért hunokért
translative hunná hunokká
terminative hunig hunokig
essive-formal hunként hunokként
essive-modal — —
inessive hunban hunokban
superessive hunon hunokon
adessive hunnál hunoknál
illative hunba hunokba
sublative hunra hunokra
allative hunhoz hunokhoz
elative hunból hunokból
delative hunról hunokról
ablative huntól hunoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		huné hunoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		hunéi hunokéi

Noun edit

hun (plural hunok)

  1. Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative hun hunok
accusative hunt hunokat
dative hunnak hunoknak
instrumental hunnal hunokkal
causal-final hunért hunokért
translative hunná hunokká
terminative hunig hunokig
essive-formal hunként hunokként
essive-modal — —
inessive hunban hunokban
superessive hunon hunokon
adessive hunnál hunoknál
illative hunba hunokba
sublative hunra hunokra
allative hunhoz hunokhoz
elative hunból hunokból
delative hunról hunokról
ablative huntól hunoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		huné hunoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		hunéi hunokéi
Possessive forms of hun
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. hunom hunjaim
2nd person sing. hunod hunjaid
3rd person sing. hunja hunjai
1st person plural hununk hunjaink
2nd person plural hunotok hunjaitok
3rd person plural hunjuk hunjaik

Etymology 2 edit

From hol.

Adverb edit

hun

  2. (dialectal) Alternative form of hol (“where”).
Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ hun in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  2. ^ hun in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

Further reading edit

  • (Hun, Hunnic): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (where [dialectal]): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Iu Mien edit

Etymology edit

From Chinese 園 (MC hjwon).

Noun edit

hun 

  1. garden

Label edit

Etymology edit

Compare Tolai vudu and Patpatar hudu.

Noun edit

hun

  1. banana

References edit

  • Mosel, Ulrike (1980) Tolai and Tok Pisin: the influence of the substratum on the development of New Guinea Pidgin (Pacific Linguistics; Series B, no. 73)‎[1], Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN

Malay edit

Noun edit

hun (plural hun-hun, informal 1st possessive hunku, 2nd possessive hunmu, 3rd possessive hunnya)

  1. A unit of weight equal to one hundredth of a tahil.

Mandarin edit

Romanization edit

hun (hun5／hun0, Zhuyin ˙ㄏㄨㄣ)

  1. Nonstandard spelling of hūn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of hún.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of hǔn.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of hùn.

Usage notes edit

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English edit

Noun edit

hun

  1. Alternative form of hund (“hundred”)

Middle Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

Numeral edit

hun

  1. h-prothesized form of un

Mizo edit

Noun edit

hun

  1. time

North Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Frisian hond. Cognates include Mooring North Frisian hönj and West Frisian hân.

Noun edit

hun f (plural hunen)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) (anatomy) hand
    a rocht(er)/lacht(er) hun
    the right/left hand

Norwegian Bokmål edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Danish hun, from Old Norse hón.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

hun (accusative henne, genitive hennes)

  1. she
Derived terms edit

See also edit

    Personal pronouns in Bokmål
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
feminine masculine neuter plural
Singular First – jeg meg mi min mitt mine
Second general du deg di din ditt dine
formal (rare) De Dem Deres
Third feminine (person) hun henne hennes
masculine (person) han ham / han hans
feminine (noun) den dens
masculine (noun)
neuter (noun) det dets
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine
Plural First – vi oss vår vårt våre
Second general dere deres
formal (very rare) De Dem Deres
Third general de dem deres
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine
  • ho (Nynorsk)
  • hoe (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2 edit

 
Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nb

From Old Norse húnn (“a die”).

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural huner, definite plural hunene)

  1. back board

References edit

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Etymology 1 edit

 
hun

From Old Norse húnn (“bear cub”),[1] from Proto-Germanic *hūnaz.

Noun edit

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

  1. a bear cub
    Synonym: bjørnunge

Etymology 2 edit

 
Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn
 
bakhunar

From Old Norse húnn (“die”).[1]

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

  1. back part of a log that might still be used as a plank

Etymology 3 edit

From Old Norse húnar, húnir pl.

Noun edit

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

  1. a Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe from Central Asia)
    Synonym: hunar

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “hun” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
  2. ^ Language Council of Norway, Spelling decisions since 2012 (in Norwegian, retrieved 12.22.20)
  • “hun”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

Old Galician-Portuguese edit

Article edit

hun

  1. Alternative form of ũu

Old High German edit

Proper noun edit

hun

  1. manuscript spelling of Hūn, nominative singular of Hūni

Romanian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French Huns, from Latin Hunni.

Noun edit

hun m (plural huni)

  1. Hun

Declension edit

Declension of hun
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) hun hunul (niște) huni hunii
genitive/dative (unui) hun hunului (unor) huni hunilor
vocative hunule hunilor

Tetum edit

Etymology edit

From *pun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, compare Malay pohon.

Noun edit

hun

  1. bottom, base
  2. beginning
  3. origin

Vietnamese edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Typical Central and Southern Vietnamese retention of medial *u, which often developed into ‹ô› (or ‹o›) in Northern dialects; later strengthened with the use of "slang" to avoid awkward situations. Compare rún vs. rốn, thúi vs. thối.

Verb edit

hun • (㖧)

  1. Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of hôn (“to kiss”)
Usage notes edit
  • The Northern form with [o] is pretty much never used in daily speech by speakers of Central and Southern dialects, although they might choose to use it in formal writing.
Synonyms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 熏 (SV: huân).

Verb edit

hun • (焝, 熏, 燻)

  1. to smoke (to preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke)
Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Anagrams edit

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Lexicalised h-prothesised form of un.

Pronoun edit

hun

  1. (with possessive determiner) self
    Synonym: hunan
    fy hun ― myself
    ei hun ― himself, herself
    ein hun ― ourselves
  2. (with possessive determiner preceding both itself and the noun) own
    Synonym: hunan
    fy ngeiriau fy hun ― my own words
    ei syniad ei hun ― his/her own idea
    ein cartref ein hun ― our own home

Usage notes edit

  • Hun tends to be more common in the north and synonymous hunan in the south, although plural hunain is also found in north at times.

Personal forms edit

Personal forms (literary & colloquial)
Singular Plural
First person fy hun ein hun
Second person dy hun eich hun
Third person ei hun m
ei hun f 		eu hun

Numeral edit

hun

  1. h-prothesized form of un
    ei hun ei hun ― her own (one)
    (Compare: ei un ei hun ― his own (one))

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
un unchanged unchanged hun
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Brythonic *hʉn, from Proto-Celtic *sounos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep”).

Noun edit

hun f (plural hunau, not mutable)

  1. sleep
Derived terms edit

References edit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hun”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

hùn

  1. (Ikalẹ) to sleep
    Kítà é hùn. ― The dog is sleeping.

Derived terms edit

Yucatec Maya edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Mayan *juun.

Pronunciation edit

Numeral edit

hun

  1. one

Derived terms edit

References edit

  • Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 152: “Hun. Vno. 1.”
  • Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN, pages 58, 203
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