瀨

See also: 濑 and 瀬

瀨	U+7028, 瀨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7028

← 瀧
[U+7027]

CJK Unified Ideographs

瀩 →
[U+7029]

Translingual edit

Traditional	瀨
Shinjitai	瀬
Simplified	濑

Han character edit

瀨 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 水木中金 (EDLC), four-corner 3118₆, composition ⿰氵賴)

Derived characters edit

𬟣

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 660, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18672
Dae Jaweon: page 1070, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1782, character 5
Unihan data for U+7028

Chinese edit

trad.		瀨
simp.		濑
alternative forms		瀬

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (賴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
賴	*raːds
籟	*raːds
癩	raːds, raːd
瀨	*raːds
藾	*raːds
攋	raːds, reːdʔ, *raːd
懶	*raːnʔ
嬾	*raːnʔ
獺	r̥ʰaːd, hr'aːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds).

Etymology edit

As this word appeared in texts about ancient Eastern Yue (now Min) area and Chen Zan remarked that it was a Wu-Yue word, Schuessler (2007) speculates that it has Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Wa-Lawa-Bulang *rah "rapids, waterfall" & Old Khmer rat (“to move swiftly, to run”), possibly derived from a root meaning "swift". Proto-Min *l̥aiꟲ is identical to Proto-Tai *hla:iᴮ¹.

Possibly unrelated to 濿 (OC *m·rads) "a ford".

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lài (lai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laai⁶
Northern Min (KCR): suōi
Eastern Min (BUC): lái
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lōa / nāi
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶le

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lài
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lài
  - Wade–Giles: lai⁴
  - Yale: lài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lay
  - Palladius: лай (laj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: laai⁶
  - Yale: laaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːi̯²²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: suōi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suɛ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɑi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lōa / nāi
  - Tâi-lô: luā / nāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loa, nai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lua²²/, /nãi²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lua⁴¹/, /nãi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lua²²/, /nãi²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lua³³/, /nãi³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lua³³/, /nãi³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶le
  - MiniDict: le^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/

Middle Chinese: lajH

Rime
Character	瀨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	落蓋切
Baxter	lajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laj^H/
Li Rong	/lɑi^H/
Wang Li	/lɑi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤa[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*raːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瀨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lài
Middle Chinese	‹ laj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.rˁa[t]-s/
English	rapids
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.