Wiktionary

賴

See also: 赖 and 頼
賴 U+8CF4, 賴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CF4
← 賳
[U+8CF3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 賵 →
[U+8CF5]

TranslingualEdit

Traditional 賴
Shinjitai 頼
Simplified 赖

Han characterEdit

賴 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木中弓月金 (DLNBC) or 木中尸竹金 (DLSHC), four-corner 51986, composition ⿰束⿱刀貝(HTJK) or ⿰束負(C))

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1210, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36861
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1676, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3651, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+8CF4

ChineseEdit

trad. 賴
simp. 赖
alternative forms 頼
顂
𩓃 ancient
𧡽

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (賴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
賴 *raːds
籟 *raːds
癩 *raːds, *raːd
瀨 *raːds
藾 *raːds
攋 *raːds, *reːdʔ, *raːd
懶 *raːnʔ
嬾 *raːnʔ
獺 *r̥ʰaːd, *hr'aːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːds): phonetic 剌 (OC *raːd) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) – to profit.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • lōa/nōa - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • lāi/nāi - literary.
Note:
  • lua7 - vernacular;
  • nai6 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 賴
    Mandarin Beijing /lai⁵¹/
    Harbin /lai⁵³/
    Tianjin /lai⁵³/
    Jinan /lɛ²¹/
    /lɛ²¹³/ 不～
    Qingdao /lɛ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /lai³¹²/
    Xi'an /lai⁴⁴/
    Xining /lɛ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /lɛ¹³/
    Lanzhou /lɛ¹³/
    Ürümqi /lai²¹³/
    Wuhan /nai³⁵/
    Chengdu /nai¹³/
    Guiyang /nai²¹³/
    Kunming /læ²¹²/
    Nanjing /lae⁴⁴/
    Hefei /le̞⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /lai⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /læ³⁵/
    Hohhot /lɛ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /la²³/
    Suzhou /lɑ³¹/
    Hangzhou /le̞¹³/
    Wenzhou /la²²/
    Hui Shexian /la²²/
    Tunxi /la¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /lai⁵⁵/
    /lai¹¹/
    Xiangtan /nai⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /lai²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /lai⁵³/
    Taoyuan /lɑi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lai²²/
    Nanning /lai²²/
    Hong Kong /lai²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lai²²/
    /nua²²/
    /lua²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /lɑi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /lai⁴⁴/
    /luɛ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /nãi³³/
    /lua²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /lai³⁵/ 姓
    /lai³³/ 依～
    Rime
    Character 賴
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 泰 (25)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 落蓋切
    Baxter lajH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɑiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/lɑiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lɑiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lajH/
    Li
    Rong         		/lɑiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/lɑiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lɑiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lài
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		laai6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 賴
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lài
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ lajH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*rˁa[t]-s/
    English depend on

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 賴
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7631
    Phonetic
    component         		賴
    Rime
    group         		祭
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		賴
    Old
    Chinese         		/*raːds/
    Notes 本從剌聲

    DefinitionsEdit

    賴

    1. to rely; to depend on
    2. to accuse falsely
    3. shameless; impudent; cheeky; brazen
    4. (colloquial) bad
    5. to hang on in a place; to drag out one's stay in a place
    6. to disavow; to deny
    7. to falsely incriminate
    8. to blame; to put the blame upon
    9. a surname
      賴清德／赖清德  ―  Lài Qīngdé  ―  Lai Ching-te (Taiwanese politician)
    SynonymsEdit
    • (to rely):
    Synonyms of 賴
    • (bad):
    Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 惡
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 壞
    Mandarin Beijing 壞, 賴
    Taiwan 壞
    Jinan 壞, 孬, 賴
    Xi'an 瞎, 壞
    Wuhan 壞, 拐
    Chengdu 壞
    Yangzhou 壞
    Hefei 壞
    Malaysia 壞
    Singapore 壞
    Cantonese Guangzhou 壞, 弊, 衰
    Hong Kong 壞, 衰
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 衰
    Yangjiang 壞
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 衰
    Singapore (Guangfu) 衰
    Gan Nanchang 壞
    Hakka Meixian 壞
    Wuhua (Meilin) 衰
    Jin Taiyuan 賴, 壞
    Min Bei Jian'ou 壞, 獰
    Min Dong Fuzhou 呆, 否
    Min Nan Xiamen 歹, 䆀
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 歹
    Quanzhou 歹
    Jinjiang 歹
    Nan'an 歹
    Shishi 歹
    Zhangzhou 䆀
    Zhao'an 䆀, 孬
    Tainan 歹
    Penang (Hokkien) 䆀, 歹
    Singapore (Hokkien) 歹
    Manila (Hokkien) 歹
    Datian 歹
    Chaozhou 孬
    Shantou 孬
    Jieyang 孬, 歹
    Singapore (Teochew) 歹, 孬
    Leizhou 㾀
    Wenchang 㾀
    Haikou 㾀
    Singapore (Hainanese) 㾀
    Wu Shanghai 壞, 恘
    Suzhou 壞, 恘
    Ningbo 歪, 推扳, 嘸做
    Wenzhou 毛
    Xiang Changsha 壞, 拐
    Shuangfeng 壞, 拐
    • (to disavow): 抵賴／抵赖 (dǐlài)
    • (to falsely incriminate):
    Synonyms of 賴
    • (to blame):
    Synonyms of 賴

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 賴

    ReferencesEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    PronunciationEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    賴

    1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 落 (“to leave behind”).

    Etymology 3Edit

    From English line.

    PronunciationEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    賴

    1. (Taiwan) Line (an instant messaging software)

    JapaneseEdit

    Shinjitai

    		頼

    Kyūjitai

    		賴

    KanjiEdit

    賴

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 頼)

    1. request, rely
    2. depend on
    3. accuse falsely

    ReadingsEdit

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    賴 (eumhun 힘 입을 뢰 (him ibeul roe), South Korea 힘 입을 뇌 (him ibeul noe))

    1. Hanja form? of 뢰/뇌 (“rely, depend on”).
    2. Hanja form? of 뢰/뇌 (“accuse falsely”).

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    賴: Hán Nôm readings: lại, nái, trái

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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