舅

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

舅 (radical 134, 臼+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹X田大尸 (HXWKS), four-corner 7742₇, composition ⿱臼男)

Derived charactersEdit

𡀭, 𭒥, 𬄵, 𧒺

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1004, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30208
Dae Jaweon: page 1460, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3040, character 3
Unihan data for U+8205

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		舅
alternative forms		𦥶𦦊𤽲𠢎𤰧𦥶𦦊𤽲𠢎𤰧旧

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (臼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
臼	*ɡuʔ
齨	*ɡuʔ
桕	*ɡuʔ
舅	*ɡuʔ
舊	*ɡʷɯs
匶	*ɡʷɯs
閰	*kuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡuʔ): phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ) + semantic 男 (“male; man”).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”); compare Tibetan ཨ་ཁུ (a khu, “father's brother”); cognate with 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “old; ancient”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (STEDT).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiù (jiu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ

(Chengdu, SP): jiu⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): kau⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kiu⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): qiu⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiû

(Meixian, Guangdong): kiu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jiou³
Min Bei (KCR): giū
Min Dong (BUC): gêu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kū / kǔ / kiū / kiǔ

(Teochew, Peng'im): gu⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): jjieu (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): jiou⁵ / jiou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jiù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chiu⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiəu²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kau⁵
  - Yale: káuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: keo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kiu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiu²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qiu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiû
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯u²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰiu⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jiou³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gêu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛu²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kū
  - Tâi-lô: kū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ku
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ku³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ku²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔ
  - Tâi-lô: kǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ku²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiū
  - Tâi-lô: kiū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiu³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǔ
  - Tâi-lô: kiǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu²²/

Note:

kū/kǔ - vernacular;
kiū/kiǔ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gu⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jjieu (T3)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑiɜ²³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jiou⁵ / jiou⁴
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiəu²¹/, /t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/

Note:

jiou5 - vernacular;
jiou4 - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 舅
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiou⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiou²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiəu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiəu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiəu¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiəu²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiəu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiəu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑiɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiø¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑau³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiu³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiu²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiəu¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑiəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiu⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰiu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɐu²³/
	Nanning	/kʰɐu²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/kʰɐu¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kiu²²/ /ku²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kiɛu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kiu⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ku³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ku³³/ /ku³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɡɨu^X/

Rime
Character	舅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其九切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guw^X/
Li Rong	/ɡiu^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiù

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)uʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	舅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiù
Middle Chinese	‹ gjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)uʔ/
English	mother"s brother
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	舅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6980
Phonetic component	臼
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	舅
Old Chinese	/*ɡuʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

舅

maternal uncle (mother's brother)
brother-in-law (wife's brother)
^† father-in-law (wife's father)
^† father-in-law (husband's father)
^† feudal prince of a different surname (to an emperor)
^† official of a different surname (to a feudal prince)
A surname.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 舅父 (“maternal uncle (mother's brother)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		舅
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		舅父
Mandarin	Beijing	舅舅
	Taiwan	舅舅
	Harbin	舅, 舅舅
	Shenyang	舅舅
	Jinan	舅舅
	Muping	舅
	Luoyang	舅, 舅舅
	Wanrong	舅
	Xi'an	舅
	Zhengzhou	舅
	Xining	阿舅, 舅舅
	Xuzhou	舅爺, 舅舅, 舅
	Yinchuan	舅舅
	Lanzhou	阿舅
	Ürümqi	舅舅
	Wuhan	舅爺, 舅伯 >, 舅舅 <
	Chengdu	舅舅
	Guiyang	舅舅, 舅, 舅爺
	Guilin	舅
	Liuzhou	舅, 阿舅, 舅爹 >
	Kunming	舅爹 >, 舅爺 <
	Yangzhou	舅舅
	Nanjing	舅舅
	Hefei	舅舅
Cantonese	Guangzhou	舅父
	Hong Kong	舅父
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	大舅, 阿舅
	Foshan	舅父
	Shunde	舅父
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	舅父
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	舅父
	Taishan	舅, 大舅 >, 阿舅 <
	Kaiping (Chikan)	阿舅
	Dongguan	阿舅, 母舅, 舅父 <>, 大舅 >, 舅仔 <,<>
	Shaoguan	舅父
	Yunfu	舅父
	Yangjiang	阿舅
	Xinyi	舅父
	Lianjiang	舅爹 >, 舅父 <, 阿舅 <, 舅仔 <
	Nanning	舅父, 阿父, 舅爺 >
	Wuzhou	舅父
	Yulin	舅爺, 舅公, 大舅龍
	Hepu	舅公
	Kuala Lumpur	舅父
Gan	Nanchang	母舅, 舅舅
	Lichuan	母舅
	Pingxiang	舅爺, 舅老爺
Hakka	Meixian	阿舅
	Luchuan	舅公
	Changting	舅舅
	Wuping	舅舅
	Ninghua	舅舅
	Yudu	舅舅, 母舅 <>, 母舅公 <>
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	阿舅, 母舅
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	阿舅, 母舅
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	阿舅, 母舅
	Dongshi (Dabu)	阿舅, 母舅
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	阿舅, 母舅
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	阿舅, 母舅
	Hong Kong	阿舅, 大舅 >, 舅仔 <
	Sabah	阿舅
	Senai	阿舅
	Singkawang	阿舅
Huizhou	Jixi	娘舅 <>, 舅舅 ><
	Shexian	舅舅
	Tunxi	舅爺
Jin	Taiyuan	舅舅
Jin	Xinzhou	舅舅 <>, 舅舅啊 ><
Min Bei	Jian'ou	舅舅
Min Dong	Fuzhou	娘舅 <>, 依舅 ><
	Fuqing	母舅 <>, 舅 ><, 阿舅 ><
	Matsu	依舅
Min Nan	Xiamen	母舅 <>, 阿舅 ><
	Quanzhou	母舅 <>, 阿舅 ><
	Zhangzhou	母舅 <>, 阿舅 ><
	Taipei	阿舅
	Kaohsiung	阿舅
	Tainan	阿舅
	Taichung	阿舅, 母舅
	Wuqi	阿舅
	Hsinchu	阿舅
	Taitung	阿舅
	Lukang	阿舅, 母舅
	Sanxia	阿舅
	Yilan	阿舅
	Kinmen	阿舅
	Magong	阿舅
	Penang (Hokkien)	阿舅, 舅
	Singapore (Hokkien)	阿舅
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	阿舅
	Chaozhou	阿舅
	Shantou	阿舅, 舅
	Haifeng	舅
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿舅
	Haikou	舅爹
	Leizhou	舅翁, 尼翁 >,<>, 翁 >,><, 尼舅 <,<>, 舅 <,><
Puxian Min	Putian	阿舅
Puxian Min	Xianyou	阿舅
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	舅爺
Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	舅
Wu	Shanghai	娘舅, 舅舅
	Suzhou	娘舅, 舅舅
	Hangzhou	娘舅
	Wenzhou	舅舅, 娘舅 <>
	Chongming	娘舅
	Danyang	娘舅, 舅爹 >, 舅舅 <
	Jinhua	娘舅 <>, 舅舅 ><
	Ningbo	娘舅, 阿舅, 舅舅
Xiang	Changsha	舅舅, 老舅 <>
	Shuangfeng	舅基, 舅舅
	Loudi	舅舅
	Quanzhou	舅爺, 舅舅
Note	> - mother's elder brother; < - mother's younger brother; >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face