男
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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Han character
edit男 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田大尸 (WKS), four-corner 60427, composition ⿱田力)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 759, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21730
- Dae Jaweon: page 1169, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2529, character 5
- Unihan data for U+7537
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
男 | |
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alternative forms | 㽖 侽 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 男 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 田 (“field”) + 力 (“strength”) – man providing the strength for agricultural and/or other kinds of (physical) labour on a field.
Etymology
editProbably an area word. Compare Proto-Kiranti *nam (“man”), Proto-Monic *k()ɲoom (“young child”), Proto-Wa *h/ʔn[o]m (“young man”), Thai หนุ่ม (nùm, “young man; young”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Wang (1982) connects it to 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer”). Goldin (2021) suggests a connection to 任 (OC *njɯms, “to bear; to be in charge”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nan2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нан (nan, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lan4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): nan1
- Northern Min (KCR): nâng
- Eastern Min (BUC): nàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6noe / 2noe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nán
- Wade–Giles: nan2
- Yale: nán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nan
- Palladius: нань (nanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nän³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nan2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lan
- Sinological IPA (key): /nan²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нан (nan, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /næ̃²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: naam4
- Yale: nàahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: naam4
- Guangdong Romanization: nam4
- Sinological IPA (key): /naːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nam3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdam²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lan³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nàm
- Hakka Romanization System: namˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nam2
- Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: nan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /næ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /naŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡaŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- lam5 - Chaozhou;
- nam5 - Shantou.
- Middle Chinese: nom
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*nuːm/
Definitions
edit男
- man; (only of human in Standard Chinese) male
- son
- baron, lowest of the five ranks of Chinese aristocracy (五等爵位) under the Zhou dynasty
- 冬十有二月,會齊侯、宋公、陳侯、衛侯、鄭伯、許男、滑伯、滕子同盟於幽。邾子克卒。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: Spring and Autumn Annals, circa 5th century BCE
- Dōng shíyǒu'èr yuè, huì Qíhóu, Sònggōng, Chénhóu, Wèihóu, Zhèngbó, Xǔnán, Huábó, Téngzǐ tóngméng yú Yōu. Zhūzǐ Kè zú. [Pinyin]
- Winter, 12th month: we met the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, Marquis of Chen, Marquis of Wey, Count of Zheng, Baron of Xu, Count of Hua, Viscount of Teng; we swore an alliance-covenant at You. Viscount Ke of Zhu died.
冬十有二月,会齐侯、宋公、陈侯、卫侯、郑伯、许男、滑伯、滕子同盟于幽。邾子克卒。 [MSC, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
edit- 公 (gōng, “male (of animals)”)
Compounds
edit- 一男半女 (yīnánbànnǚ)
- 一索得男 (yīsuǒdénán)
- 一索成男
- 丁男 (dīngnán)
- 三男兩女/三男两女
- 三男四女
- 不帶頭巾男子漢/不带头巾男子汉
- 不戴頭巾男子漢/不戴头巾男子汉
- 中男
- 勇男蠢婦/勇男蠢妇
- 善男信女 (shànnán xìnnǚ)
- 喬男女/乔男女
- 多福多壽多男/多福多寿多男
- 大男
- 大男人主義/大男人主义 (dànánrénzhǔyì)
- 大男大女
- 大男小女
- 夫男
- 奇男子
- 女嫁男婚
- 女扮男裝/女扮男装
- 女扮男身
- 女男
- 女織男耕/女织男耕
- 好男不吃分家飯,好女不穿嫁時衣/好男不吃分家饭,好女不穿嫁时衣
- 姪男/侄男
- 婦男/妇男
- 孝男 (xiàonán)
- 宜男
- 家庭婦男/家庭妇男
- 寸男尺女
- 小男女
- 役男 (yìnán)
- 息男 (xīnán)
- 拖男帶女/拖男带女
- 拖男挈女
- 拖男挾女/拖男挟女
- 攜男抱女/携男抱女
- 攜男挈女/携男挈女
- 新好男人
- 潑男女/泼男女
- 生男育女
- 男丁 (nándīng)
- 男上位 (nánshàngwèi, “missionary position”)
- 男不男,女不女
- 男中音 (nánzhōngyīn, “baritone”)
- 男主角
- 男人 (“man”)
- 男人婆 (nánrénpó)
- 男伴 (nánbàn)
- 男低音 (“bass”)
- 男僧寺對著女僧寺/男僧寺对著女僧寺
- 男儐相/男傧相 (nánbīnxiàng)
- 男優/男优 (nányōu)
- 男兒/男儿 (nán'ér, “man”)
- 男兒有淚不輕彈/男儿有泪不轻弹 (nán'ér yǒu lèi bù qīng tán)
- 男兒膝下有黃金/男儿膝下有黄金 (nán'ér xīxià yǒu huángjīn)
- 男唱女隨/男唱女随
- 男士 (nánshì, “man”)
- 男大當婚,女大當嫁/男大当婚,女大当嫁 (nán dà dāng hūn, nǚ dà dāng jià)
- 男女 (nánnǚ, “man and woman”)
- 男女不親授/男女不亲授
- 男女大事
- 男女平權/男女平权
- 男女平等
- 男女授受不親/男女授受不亲 (nánnǚ shòushòubùqīn)
- 男女有別/男女有别 (nánnǚyǒubié)
- 男女老幼 (nánnǚlǎoyòu)
- 男妾 (nánqiè)
- 男娼 (nánchāng, “male prostitute”)
- 男婚女嫁
- 男婚女聘
- 男媒女妁
- 男子 (nánzǐ)
- 男子氣/男子气 (nánzǐqì, “manly”)
- 男子漢/男子汉 (nánzǐhàn)
- 男子漢大丈夫/男子汉大丈夫
- 男孩 (nánhái, “boy”)
- 男孩子 (nánháizi, “boy”)
- 男室女家
- 男家 (nánjiā)
- 男尊女卑 (nánzūnnǚbēi)
- 男工 (nángōng)
- 男左女右 (nánzuǒnǚyòu)
- 男廁/男厕 (náncè, “men's restroom”)
- 男性 (nánxìng, “male”)
- 男性沙文主義/男性沙文主义
- 男扮女裝/男扮女装 (nán bàn nǚ zhuāng)
- 男方 (nánfāng)
- 男星
- 男有分,女有歸/男有分,女有归
- 男朋友 (“boyfriend”)
- 男校 (nánxiào)
- 男根 (nángēn, “male genital”)
- 男權/男权 (nánquán)
- 男歡女愛/男欢女爱 (nánhuānnǚ'aì)
- 男氣/男气
- 男爵 (nánjué, “baron”)
- 男生 (nánshēng)
- 男男女女 (nánnánnǚnǚ)
- 男痴
- 男盜女娼/男盗女娼 (nándàonǚchāng)
- 男科 (nánkē)
- 男童 (nántóng)
- 男系
- 男美
- 男耕女織/男耕女织 (nángēngnǚzhī)
- 男聲/男声 (nánshēng, “male voice”)
- 男色 (nánsè)
- 男裝/男装 (nánzhuāng)
- 男賓/男宾 (nánbīn)
- 男配角
- 男風/男风 (nánfēng)
- 男高音 (nángāoyīn, “tenor”)
- 痴男怨女 (chīnányuànnǚ)
- 童男
- 童男女
- 童男童女 (tóngnántóngnǚ)
- 紅男綠女/红男绿女
- 綠女紅男/绿女红男
- 美男子 (měinánzǐ)
- 美男破老
- 義男兒/义男儿
- 老少男女 (lǎoshàonánnǚ)
- 貴男/贵男
- 重男輕女/重男轻女 (zhòngnánqīngnǚ)
- 長男/长男 (zhǎngnán)
- 飲食男女/饮食男女 (yǐnshínánnǚ)
- 魯男子/鲁男子
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “男”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[5], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: なん (nan, Jōyō)←なん (nan, historical)←なむ (namu, ancient)
- Kan-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)←だん (dan, historical)←だむ (damu, ancient)
- Kun: おとこ (otoko, 男, Jōyō)←をとこ (wotoko, 男, historical); お (o, 男)←を (wo, 男, historical); おのこ (onoko, 男)
- Nanori: いさみ (isami); いさむ (isamu); おと (oto)←をと (woto, historical)
Compounds
edit- 男系 (dankei, “male succession”)
- 男根 (dankon, “penis”)
- 男子 (danshi, “boy”)
- 男児 (danji, “infant boy”)
- 男娼 (danshō, “male prostitute”)
- 男爵 (danshaku, “baron”)
- 男女 (danjo, “man and woman”)
- 男色 (danshoku, “homosexual”)
- 男性 (dansei, “man”)
- 男声 (dansei, “male voice”)
- 男装 (dansō, “male costume”)
- 男尊女卑 (dansonjohi, “male chauvinism”)
- 男優 (dan'yū, “actor”)
- 男根 (nankon)
- 男色 (nanshoku)
- 下男 (genan)
- 次男 (jinan), 二男 (jinan)
- 善男 (zennan)
- 善男善女 (zennan zennyo)
- 息男 (sokunan, “son”, honorific)
- 嫡男 (chakunan)
- 長男 (chōnan)
- 美男 (binan), 美男 (bidan)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
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男 |
おとこ Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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漢 (manga slang) |
⟨woto2ko1⟩ → */wotəkʷo/ → /wotoko/ → /otoko/
From Old Japanese.
Derived from おと (oto, “young?”, cognate with Old Japanese 復つ (wotu → otsu, “to become young again”)) + 子 (ko, “child”).
Compare 少女 (otome, “young woman”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a male person
- Antonym: 女 (onna)
- (specifically) a man, an adult male
- Antonym: 女 (onna)
- 男, 漢: (specifically) a manly man
- a male lover
- a manservant
- Synonym: 下男 (genan)
- a husband
- Synonym: 夫 (otto)
- (obsolete) an unmarried young man
- (colloquial) homosexuality
Derived terms
edit- 男し (otokoshi)
- 男郎花 (otokoeshi), 男郎花 (otokomeshi)
- 男親 (otokōya, “male parent”)
- 男神 (otokogami, “masculine god”)
- 男側 (otokogawa, “man's side”)
- 男気 (otokogi, “chivalrous spirit”)
- 男心 (otoko-gokoro, “male mind”)
- 男言葉 (otoko kotoba, “male language”)
- 男坂 (otokozaka, “steep slope”)
- 男手 (otokode, “male worker”)
- 男友達 (otoko tomodachi, “boyfriend, male friend”)
- 男の子 (otoko no ko, “boy”)
- 男の人 (otoko no hito, “adult man”)
- 男前 (otokomae)
- 男役 (otokoyaku, “role of man”)
- 男山 (otokoyama, “steep mountain”)
- 男鰥 (otoko yamome)
- 男湯 (otokoyu, “men's bath”)
- 男を上げる (otoko o ageru)
- 男を売る (otoko o uru)
- 男を下げる (otoko o sageru)
- 男を知る (otoko o shiru)
- 男を磨く (otoko o migaku)
- 色男 (irōtoko)
- 作男 (sakuotoko)
- 下男 (shimōtoko)
- 間男 (maotoko)
- むくつけ男 (mukutsuke otoko)
- 雪男 (yuki otoko)
Idioms
editProverbs
edit- 男の目には糸を引け女の目には鈴を張れ (otoko no me ni wa ito o hike onna no me ni wa suzu o hare)
- 男は度胸女は愛嬌 (otoko wa dokyō onna wa aikyō)
- 男は裸百貫 (otoko wa hadaka-hyakkan)
Proper noun
edit- a surname
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
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男 |
お Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
/wo/ → /o/
From Old Japanese.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editNoun
edit- a man
- Antonym: 女 (me)
- 711–712, Kojiki, poem 5:
- ...那許曾波遠迩伊麻世婆... [Man'yōgana]
- ...汝こそはをにいませば... [Modern spelling]
- na koso wa o ni imaseba
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- a husband
- a male
- something large, powerful, or otherwise masculine
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editKanji in this term |
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男 |
おのこ Grade: 1 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
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男の子 |
Compound of 男 (o, “male”, see above) + の (no, possessive particle) + 子 (ko, “child”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a boy
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editKanji in this term |
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男 |
なん Grade: 1 |
goon |
/nam/ → /namʉ/ → /naɴ/
From Middle Chinese 男 (MC nom).
The 呉音 (goon) reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editDerived terms
edit- 一男 (ichinan)
Etymology 5
editKanji in this term |
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男 |
だん Grade: 1 |
kan'on |
/dam/ → /damʉ/ → /daɴ/
From Middle Chinese 男 (MC nom).
The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a man
- a son
- a young man, especially one who reached adulthood
- (historical) a baron
- Synonym: 男爵 (danshaku)
Proper noun
edit- a male given name
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “おと‐こ[をと‥] 【男】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ “お[を] 【雄・男・牡・夫】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 “お‐の‐こ[を‥] 【男子・男】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 “だん 【男】 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 男 (MC nom). Recorded as Middle Korean 남 (nam) (Yale: nam) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [6]
Kunigami
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Ryukyuan *weke + *-ga (“diminutive suffix”).
Noun
edit男 (ikhekha)
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Ryukyuan *wenga.
Noun
edit男 (unkha)
Okinawan
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
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男 |
ゐきが Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
ゆきが Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *weke + *-ga (“diminutive suffix”).
Noun
edit男 or 男 (wikiga or yukiga)
Derived terms
edit- 男しーじゃ (wikiga shīja, “older brother”)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
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男 |
をぅとぅく Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Possibly from Japanese 男 (otoko, “man”).
Noun
edit男 (wutuku)
References
edit- “ゐきが【男】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Okinoerabu
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editKanji in this term |
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男 |
いぃんが Grade: 1 |
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
ゐんが Grade: 1 |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *wenga.
Noun
edit男 or 男 (yinga or inga)
References
edit- “いぃんが・ゐんが【男】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit男: Hán Việt readings: nam[1][2][3]
男: Nôm readings: nam[1][2]
Derived terms
edit- 男正 (nam chính)
- 男界 (nam giới)
- 男人魚 (nam nhân ngư)
- 男兒 (nam nhi)
- 男女 (nam nữ)
- 男生 (nam sinh)
- 男清女秀 (nam thanh nữ tú)
- 男食如虎,女食如貓 (nam thực như hổ, nữ thực như miêu)
- 男性 (nam tính)
- 男尊女卑 (nam tôn nữ ti)
- 男裝 (nam trang)
- 男子 (nam tử)
- 男爵 (nam tước)
- 一男曰有,十女曰無 (nhất nam viết hữu, thập nữ viết vô)
- 次男 (thứ nam)
- 重男輕女 (trọng nam khinh nữ)
- 長男 (trưởng nam)
References
editYonaguni
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Ryukyuan *wenga.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit男 (binga)
Yoron
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Ryukyuan *weke + *-ga (“diminutive suffix”).
Noun
edit男 (ōiga)
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- zh:Family
- zh:Male
- zh:Nobility
- zh:People
- Japanese kanji
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading なん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading なん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading なむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading だん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading だん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading だむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おとこ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading をとこ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading お
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading を
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おのこ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いさみ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading いさむ
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- ja:People
- ja:Male
- ja:Family
- ja:Occupations
- ja:Children
- ja:Nobility
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- Kunigami single-kanji terms
- xug:Male
- xug:Male animals
- xug:People
- Okinawan kanji
- Okinawan first grade kanji
- Okinawan kyōiku kanji
- Okinawan jōyō kanji
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading ゐきが
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading ゆきが
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading うぅとぅく
- Okinawan terms spelled with 男 read as ゐきが
- Okinawan terms read with kun'yomi
- Okinawan terms spelled with 男 read as ゆきが
- Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
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- Okinawan terms spelled with first grade kanji
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- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- Okinawan terms spelled with 男 read as をぅとぅく
- Okinawan terms derived from Japanese
- Okinawan literary terms
- ryu:Male
- ryu:People
- ryu:Male animals
- Okinoerabu kanji
- Okinoerabu first grade kanji
- Okinoerabu kyōiku kanji
- Okinoerabu jōyō kanji
- Okinoerabu kanji with kun reading いぃんが
- Okinoerabu kanji with kun reading ゐんが
- Okinoerabu terms spelled with 男 read as いぃんが
- Okinoerabu terms spelled with 男 read as ゐんが
- Okinoerabu terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Okinoerabu terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
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- Okinoerabu terms spelled with first grade kanji
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- okn:Male
- okn:Male animals
- okn:People
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
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- Yonaguni kanji
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- Yonaguni single-kanji terms
- yoi:Male
- yoi:People
- Yoron kanji
- Yoron first grade kanji
- Yoron kyōiku kanji
- Yoron jōyō kanji
- Yoron kanji with kun reading をぅいが
- Yoron terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Yoron terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Yoron lemmas
- Yoron nouns
- Yoron terms with multiple readings
- Yoron terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Yoron terms with 1 kanji
- Yoron terms spelled with 男
- Yoron single-kanji terms
- yox:Male
- yox:Male animals
- yox:People