to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture |
number of times; order; sequence number of times; order; sequence; next; second(ary); (measure word) | ||
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trad. (造次) | 造 | 次 | |
simp. #(造次) | 造 | 次 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 造 | 次 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 清 (14) |
Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 脂 (15) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | I | III |
Fanqie | 昨早切 | 七四切 |
Baxter | dzawX | tshijH |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiɪH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰjɪH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡zawX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
Li Rong |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
Wang Li |
/d͡zɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡zʱɑuX/ | /t͡sʰiH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
zào | cì |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
zou6 | ci3 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 造 | 次 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
zào | cì |
Middle Chinese |
‹ dzawX › | ‹ tshijH › |
Old Chinese |
/*[dzˁ]uʔ/ | /*[s-n̥]i[j]-s/ |
English | make | lodge (v.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 造 | 次 |
Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
No. | 3803 | 1794 |
Phonetic component |
告 | 次 |
Rime group |
幽 | 脂 |
Rime subdivision |
1 | 2 |
Corresponding MC rime |
皁 | 次 |
Old Chinese |
/*sɡuːʔ/ | /*sn̥ʰis/ |
Notes | 說文二聲,甲金文二或三劃, 似人嘆氣諮嗟 |
造次