Wiktionary

氣

See also: 气, 気, and 炁
氣 U+6C23, 氣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23
← 氢
[U+6C22] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氤 →
[U+6C24]

TranslingualEdit

Traditional 氣
Shinjitai 気
Simplified 气

Han characterEdit

氣 (radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

ChineseEdit

trad. 氣
simp. 气*
alternative forms 気
𣱛

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 氣
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愾 *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds
忾 *qʰrɯl
刏 *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽 *kʰɯds
氣 *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds
气 *kʰɯds
忥 *qʰɯds
餼 *qʰɯds
鎎 *qʰɯds
熂 *qʰɯds
霼 *qʰɯds
犔 *qʰɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds): phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
Note:
  • ki3 - literary;
  • kui3 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 氣
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
    Nanning /hi³³/
    Hong Kong /hei³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹/
    /kʰui²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛi²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰi³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰi²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xi³⁵/
    /xui³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 微 (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 去旣切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰiəiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰĭəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qì
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.qʰəp-s/
    English cloudy vapors

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10140
    Phonetic
    component         		气
    Rime
    group         		隊
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰɯds/

    DefinitionsEdit

    氣

    1. air; gas
      天然氣 / 天然气  ―  tiānránqì  ―  natural gas
    2. breath (Classifier: 口 m; 啖 c)
      喘不過氣來 / 喘不过气来  ―  chuǎnbùguòqì lái  ―  to be out of breath
    3. (Chinese philosophy) qi; vital energy; life force
    4. smell; odour
      氣味 / 气味  ―  qìwèi  ―  smell
    5. angriness
      生氣 / 生气  ―  shēngqì  ―  to get angry
    6. to get angry
      我很氣。 / 我很气。  ―  Wǒ hěn qì.  ―  I'm very angry.
    7. to make angry; to annoy
      別氣我！ / 别气我！  ―  Bié qì wǒ!  ―  Don't annoy me!
    8. to breathe
    9. quality; character; spirit; mettle
      有男人氣 / 有男人气  ―  yǒu nánrén qì  ―  manly

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    Rime
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 微 (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許旣切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiəiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xì
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰət-s/
    English to present food

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 氣
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10143
    Phonetic
    component         		气
    Rime
    group         		隊
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰɯds/
    Notes 後作餼

    DefinitionsEdit

    氣

    1. † Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 氣

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (氣):
    • → Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
    • → Korean: 기 (氣, gi)
    • → Vietnamese: khí (氣)

    JapaneseEdit

    Shinjitai

    		気

    Kyūjitai

    		氣

    KanjiEdit

    氣

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

    ReadingsEdit

    • Go-on: け (ke)
    • Kan-on: き (ki)
    • Kun: いき (iki, 氣)

    Usage notesEdit

    Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

    KoreanEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    HanjaEdit

    氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))

    1. Hanja form? of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigor”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    HanjaEdit

    氣 (eumhun 보낼 희 (bonael hui))

    1. Hanja form? of 희 (“to send”).

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    氣 (khí)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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