氣
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Traditional | 氣 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 気 |
| Simplified | 气 |
Han characterEdit
氣 (radical 84 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 599, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
- Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2011, character 14
- Unihan data for U+6C23
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 氣 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 气 | |
| alt. forms | 𣱛 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 氣
|
|
|---|---|
| Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 愾 | *kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds |
| 忾 | *qʰrɯl |
| 刏 | *kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls |
| 汽 | *kʰɯds |
| 氣 | *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds |
| 气 | *kʰɯds |
| 忥 | *qʰɯds |
| 餼 | *qʰɯds |
| 鎎 | *qʰɯds |
| 熂 | *qʰɯds |
| 霼 | *qʰɯds |
| 犔 | *qʰɯds |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds): phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.
Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hei3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hi
- Min Dong (BUC): ké
- Min Nan (POJ): khì / khùi
- Wu (Wiktionary): qi (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
- Wade-Giles: ch'ih4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing, erhua-ed)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋㄦ
- Wade-Giles: ch'irh4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiell
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiəɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hei3
- Yale: hei
- Cantonese Pinyin: hei3
- Guangdong Romanization: héi3
- IPA (key): /hei̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi
- Hakka Romanization System: hi
- Hagfa Pinyim: hi4
- IPA: /hi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ké
- IPA (key): /kʰɛi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: qi (T2)
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 氣 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰi¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰi¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰi¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hi⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /hi⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hei³³/ |
| Nanning | /hi³³/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hei³³/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kʰi²¹/ /kʰui²¹/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kʰɛi²¹²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /kʰi³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kʰi²¹³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /xi³⁵/ /xui³⁵/ |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 氣 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (20) | 微 (20) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 去旣切 | 許旣切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰɨiH/ | /hɨiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰɨiH/ | /hɨiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰiəiH/ | /xiəiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰɨjH/ | /hɨjH/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰiəiH/ | /xiəiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰĭəiH/ | /xĭəiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰe̯iH/ | /xe̯iH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qì | xì |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 氣 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qì | xì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khjɨjH › | ‹ xjɨjH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.qʰəp-s/ | /*qʰət-s/ |
| English | cloudy vapors | to present food |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 氣 | 氣 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 10140 | 10143 |
| Phonetic component |
气 | 气 |
| Rime group |
隊 | 隊 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
||
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰɯds/ | /*qʰɯds/ |
| Notes | 後作餼 | |
DefinitionsEdit
氣
- air; gas
- breath (Classifier: 口 m; 啖 c)
- (Chinese philosophy) qi; vital energy; life force
- smell; odour
- weather
- to get angry
- to make angry; to annoy
- to breathe
- quality; character; spirit; mettle
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 氣
DescendantsEdit
JapaneseEdit
| 気 | |
| 氣 |
KanjiEdit
氣
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)
ReadingsEdit
Usage notesEdit
Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
氣 • (gi) (hangeul 기, McCune-Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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