道德

See also: 道徳

Chinese

		direction; way; method direction; way; method; road; path; principle; truth; reason; skill; Tao (of Taoism); a measure word; to say; to speak; to talk	Germany; virtue; goodness Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind
trad. (道德)		道	德
simp. #(道德)		道	德

Etymology

Attested in Pre-Qin texts.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàodé

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dou⁶ dak¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): au⁵ ak²

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tho-tet
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tǒ͘-tiak / tō-tek

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàodé
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàodé
    • Wade–Giles: tao⁴-tê²
    • Yale: dàu-dé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dawder
    • Palladius: даодэ (daodɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 到得 道德

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dou⁶ dak¹
    • Yale: douh dāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶ dak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶ deg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²² tɐk̚⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: au⁵ ak²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /au³² ak̚⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tho-tet
    • Hakka Romanization System: to ded`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: to⁴ ded⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰo⁵⁵ tet̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒ͘-tiak
    • Tâi-lô: tǒo-tiak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²² tiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō-tek
    • Tâi-lô: tō-tik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doixdeg
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /to³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /to²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: dawX tok

Rime
Character	道	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徒晧切	多則切
Baxter	dawX	tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑuX/	/tək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑuX/	/tək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑuX/	/tək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dawX/	/tək̚/
Li Rong	/dɑuX/	/tək̚/
Wang Li	/dɑuX/	/tək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑuX/	/tək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dào	de
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou6	dak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kə.l]ˤuʔ  tˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'uːʔ  tɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	道	德
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dào	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ dawX ›	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*[kə.l]ˁuʔ/	/*tˁək/
English	way	virtue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	道	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11669	17266
Phonetic component	首	直
Rime group	幽	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	道	德
Old Chinese	/*l'uːʔ/	/*tɯːɡ/

Noun

道德

1. morality; morals; ethics

   道德教育  ―  dàodé jiàoyù  ―  moral instruction

   道德制高點／道德制高点  ―  dàodé zhìgāodiǎn  ―  moral high ground

   道德敗壞／道德败坏  ―  dàodé bàihuài  ―  moral decay

   他律道德  ―  tālǜ dàodé  ―  heteronomous morality

   有悖於傳統道德／有悖于传统道德  ―  yǒubèiyú chuántǒng dàodé  ―  to violate traditional notions of morality

   • 上古競於道德，中世逐於智謀，當今爭於氣力。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     上古竞于道德，中世逐于智谋，当今争于气力。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE, translated based on W. K. Liao's version

     Shànggǔ jìng yú dàodé, zhōngshì zhú yú zhìmóu, dāngjīn zhēng yú qìlì. [Pinyin]

     Men of remote antiquity strove to be known for their morality and virtue; those of the middle age struggled to be known their wisdom and resourfulness; and now men fight to be known for their vigor and strength.

Related terms

• 道義／道义 (dàoyì)
• 公德 (gōngdé)
• 公理 (gōnglǐ)
• 正理 (zhènglǐ)
• 正義／正义 (zhèngyì)

Adjective

道德

1. moral (often used in negation)

   不道德的行為／不道德的行为  ―  bù dàodé de xíngwéi  ―  immoral behaviour

Synonyms

• 不道德 (bùdàodé)

Derived terms

• 不道德 (bùdàodé)
• 仁義道德／仁义道德 (rényì dàodé)
• 道德制高點／道德制高点 (dàodé zhìgāodiǎn)
• 道德恐慌 (dàodé kǒnghuāng)
• 道德法庭 (dàodé fǎtíng)
• 道德準則／道德准则 (dàodé zhǔnzé)
• 道德綁架／道德绑架 (dàodé bǎngjià)
• 道德風險／道德风险 (dàodé fēngxiǎn)
• 道德高地 (dàodé gāodì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (道德):

• → Japanese: 道(どう)徳(とく) (dōtoku)
• → Korean: 도덕(道德) (dodeok)
• → Vietnamese: đạo đức (道德)

See also

• 德性 (déxìng)
• 倫理／伦理 (lúnlǐ)
• 美德 (měidé)
• 缺德 (quēdé)
• 道德經／道德经 (Dàodéjīng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
道	德
どう Grade: 2	とく Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) どーとく [dòótókú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [do̞ːto̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

道(どう)德(とく) • (dōtoku) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 道徳

Korean

Hanja in this term
道	德

Noun

道德 • (dodeok) (hangeul 도덕)

1. Hanja form^? of 도덕 (“morality; ethics”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
道	德

Noun

道德

1. chữ Hán form of đạo đức (“morality; ethics”).