-ett
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From -e- (linking vowel) + -tt (past-participle and past-tense suffix).
Suffix edit
-ett
- past-tense and past-participle suffix (homonymous form in the vast majority of verbs):
- (past-tense suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past tense of a verb)
- hegeszt (“to weld”) → Fémcsöveket hegesztett. ― He welded some metal tubing.
- (past-participle suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past participle of a verb)
- hegeszt (“to weld”) → a hegesztett fém ― the welded metal
- (past-tense suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past tense of a verb)
Usage notes edit
- (past-participle and past-tense suffix) Variants:
- -t is added to monosyllabic verbs ending in j, l, ly, n, ny, r (fáj, szel, fon, huny, sír) and to many bisyllabic verbs ending in -ad/-ed (akad, ered)
- -tt is added to verbs ending in a vowel (sző, nő, fő, lő, ró, rí)
- -ott is added to back-vowel verbs
- -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
- -ött is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
- (past-participle suffix) This form is the only option attributively. Predicatively, however, a construction of the existential verb van (or its negative form nincs) and the adverbial participle (with -va/-ve) is preferable,[1] especially when speaking of the result achieved,[2] although the suffix -t/-ott/-ett/-ött occurs predicatively as well, disputed as it may be.[3]
Declension edit
For the past-participle suffix only:
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -ett | -ettek |
| accusative | -ettet | -etteket |
| dative | -ettnek | -etteknek |
| instrumental | -ettel | -ettekkel |
| causal-final | -ettért | -ettekért |
| translative | -etté | -ettekké |
| terminative | -ettig | -ettekig |
| essive-formal | -ettként | -ettekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | -ettben | -ettekben |
| superessive | -etten | -etteken |
| adessive | -ettnél | -etteknél |
| illative | -ettbe | -ettekbe |
| sublative | -ettre | -ettekre |
| allative | -etthez | -ettekhez |
| elative | -ettből | -ettekből |
| delative | -ettről | -ettekről |
| ablative | -ettől | -ettektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-etté | -etteké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-ettéi | -ettekéi |
Etymology 2 edit
From -e- (linking vowel) + -tt (locative suffix).
Suffix edit
-ett
- (locative suffix, chiefly archaic) in, at (forms the locative case)
Usage notes edit
- (locative suffix) It is used only in a few city/town names along with the inessive case or superessive case.[3] It can also be observed in a few local adverbs and postpositions. It is no longer productive. Variants:
- -t
- -tt is added to words ending in a vowel
- -ott is added to back-vowel words
- Kaposvárott (also with -t), Vácott, (Székes)fehérvárott, Kapuvárott, (outside present-day Hungary)
Érsekújvárott, Gyulafehérvárott, Kolozsvárott (also with -t), Temesvárott, (in Russia) (Szent)pétervárott
- Kaposvárott (also with -t), Vácott, (Székes)fehérvárott, Kapuvárott, (outside present-day Hungary)
- -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- -ött is added to rounded front-vowel words
- Győrött (and Diósgyőrött), fölött, mögött, között